1. Jerome Bruner Education: A.B. Duke University, 1937 Ph.D. Harvard University, 1941 Former Professor of Psychology, Harvard and Oxford Universities

2. Basic Beliefs and Theories Knowledge is constructed in a social context Learn a rich conceptual framework Help learners construct MEANINGS, not simply information

3. Basic Beliefs and Theories “CONCEPT ATTAINMENT” to see the big picture General idea is presented first, followed by details Focus on categorizing and assigning traits or attributes

4. Keyword Concepts Categorizes or assigns details by: Exemplars Essential Nonessential Students are challenged to determine connections and categories

5. Putting Beliefs into Action Devise a unit of study “The Rainforest” List your Essential Exemplars List your Nonessential Exemplars Discuss relationship of each exemplar to one another

6. Classroom Applications Provide choices Multiage setting Variety of teaching methods Construct knowledge in multitude of ways

7. Final Thoughts In his book The Process of Education, Bruner writes, “good teaching that emphasizes the structure of a subject is probably even more valuable for the less able student than for the gifted one, for it is the former rather than the latter who is most easily thrown off the track by poor teaching.”