1. Creativity

2. Stagner & Karwoski (1973): Creativity implies the production of totally or partially novel identity.
Spearman (1931): Creativity is the process of the human mind to create new concepts by transforming relations & thereby generating new correlations.
M.J. Levin (1978): Creativity is the ability to discover new solutions to problems or to produce new ideas, inventions or work arts.
Skinner (1968): creative thinking means that the predictions and/or inferences for the individual are new, original, unusual. The creative thinker is one who explores new areas and makes new observations, new predictions & new inferences.

3. As Process
Stein: A process is creative when it results in a new work, that is accepted as useful or satisfying by a group at some point at a time.
Torrance : Creativity is a mental process of seeing or creating most unforeseen and novel relationship between two or more things and ideas.
To find things or ideas and classify/ discriminate in categories
To synthesis and bring together elements in new & original ways
Walls & Patrick: Four Steps
Preparation: Observation made
Incubation: Ideas came to mind
Illumination: Emergence of Concept (Joyful moment)
Verification: Evaluation

4. Nature Universal Innate as well as acquired
Produces something new or novel
Adventurous
Open thinking
Carries ego involvement
Wide scope
Creativity & School Achievement are not correlated
Creativity & Anxiety often go together
Creativity & Sociability are negatively correlated
Creativity & Intelligence
Rests more on Divergent thinking than Convergent thinking
Important basis in the world of imagination

5. Creative Person Originality of Ideas & Expression Sense of Adventure
Good Memory
Good General Knowledge
High degree of awareness and concentration
An investigative & Curious nature
Foresight
Lack of tolerance for boredom & discomfort
Ambitious nature
Interest in Vague & Silly Ideas

6. Creative Person……………. Fluency of Expression
Flexibility in thought, perception & action
Ability to learn
Ability to transfer learning
Ability to elaborate-to work out the details of an idea
Absence of fear
Attraction to unknown, Mysterious & Unexplained
Pride in creation
High Values
Restless

7. Creative Person…………….
Open mind with preference for complexity & incompleteness
High degree of sensitivity towards problems
Self-Respect
Self Discipline
Capacity to Daydream
Ability to keep many ideas in focus in a time
Preference of complex phenomenon
High energy level
Careless about handwriting

8. Theories of Creativity
Divine Inspiration Theory:
Creativity is not universally distributed
Gifted according to luck : some get large share & some denied
Creativity equivalent to Insanity:
Based on Historical Evidence
Thinking & Behaviour of a creative person is very similar to abnormal
Creativity is Inborn:
A special mental power
Unique Cognition ability
One may born with certain capabilities

9. Theories of Creativity………
Creativity is Environmentally Acquired:
Creativity is not only the result of heredity
Creativity is acquired like other traits/ habits
Positive/ Open environment help in developing creativity
Taylor’s Level Theory:
Creativity may be described as existing at five levels in a ascending hierarchy
Expressive Level: Spontaneous Expression without reference to originality & quality of the product
Productive Level: A person is able to produce something innovative
Inventive Level: Preference of geniuses with emphasis on novel use of old things
Innovative Level: A person is able to develop new ideas or principles with the help of highly developed skills
Emergenative Level: Highest Level- Abstract Ideas

10. Theories of Creativity……………………….
Psychoanalytical Theory:
Creativity is means & production of one’s emotions/ sublimation of emotions
Most creative works of arts
Portraying beautiful figures of man & women
Expression of repressed sexual desires
Paintings, compositions

11. Developing Creativity
Freedom to respond
Opportunity for ego- involvement
Removal of hesitation & fear
Providing appropriate atmosphere & opportunity for creative expression
Developing healthy habits
Using creative recourses of community
Avoidance of blocks to creative thinking
Proper organization of curriculum
Evaluation system

12. Developing Creativity……….
Teaching by examples
Use of special techniques
Brainstorming
Role Playing
Teaching models
Gaming techniques
Creating encouraging environment
Encouraging divergent thinking
Encouraging self trust
Encouraging study of Master Pieces
Rewarding Creative Achievement/ Idea