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Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN
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Able to : Describe, identify and draw the histological features of structures forming the integumentary system
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It includes Skin Hair Nails Heaviest organ of body – 1/6 of total body wt. Surface area – 18 sq. ft
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On close observation of skin Tension lines – due to anchoring fibrils of dermis Flexure lines – joints Papillary ridges – over palm & sole; unique for each individual Dermatoglyphics – study of finger prints
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Protection Sensation Thermoregulation Synthesis of Vitamin D Excretion BP regulation Storage Absorption
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THIN SKIN Thin Epidermis Presence of Hair All parts – EXCEPT Palm & Sole THICK SKIN Thick epidermis (Thick stratum corneum) No Hair Palm & Sole
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Made of 2 layers – Epidermis & dermis Dermo – epidermal junction is uneven – has ridges (epidermal ridges & dermal papillae) where they can interlock with each other.
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Made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium Projects into dermis – Epidermal ridges Avascular & nourished by diffusion Renewed every 15 – 30 days depending of region of body, age etc
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STRATUM BASALE Deepest layer with single layer of cuboidal / low columnar cells STRATUM SPINOSUM Polyhedral cells held together by desmosomes Tonofilaments STRATUM GRANULOSUM 3 – 5 flattened fusiform cells Filled with keratohyalin granules (precursor of keratin) Membrane coating granules (sealing effect) STRATUM LUCIDUM Flat eosinophilic dead cells forming homogenously glassy layer STRATUM CORNEUM Most superficial layer of epidermis Flattened non nucleated dead
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KERATINOCYTES (90%) Present in all 5 layers MELANOCYTES Present in basal layer as clear cells LANGERHANS CELLS Mainly in stratum spinosum MERKEL’S CELLS Present in stratum basale
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Made of vascular connective tissue 2 layers Papillary layer Reticular layer ▪ Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, receptors
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Holocrine gland Found in the dermis Simple acinar duct opening into hair follicle CLINICAL CORRELATES Acne, Sebaceous cyst
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Absent in Glans penis, inner surface of prepuce and margins of lip Simple, coiled, tubular gland 2 types of sweat glands Merocrine & Apocrine
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Made of cuticle, cortex and medulla
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Cornified plate of stratum corneum Eponychium & Hyponychium EPONYCHIUM HYPONYCHIUM
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Wheater’s Functional Histology Cell Biology & Histology – Board Review Series Microanatomy workbook – RAKMHSU
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