1. Who are U.S. Citizens? Chapter I, Section II

2. Citizens By Birth 1787 ----- less than 4 million people – only 13 states 1800 – more than 5 million people – 17 states 2006 – about 300 million people --- 50 states

3. Immigration Restrictions A. The number of immigrants allowed into the US each year – preference is given to relatives of US citizens or to people with special skills

4. The Immigrants Melting Pot vs Salad Bowl

5. The Immigrants Early Americans -  1 st settlers came from Asia -  12,000 and 40,000 years ago 1492 --  Columbus sails the “ocean blue!” Europeans: -  Spain --  1500’s  Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America, Florida, Texas, California and the Southwestern U.S. -  British -  1600’s -  original 13 colonies -  Others: -  Germany -  Pennsylvania -  Dutch -  Along the Hudson River -  Swedes -  Along the Delaware River -  French -  New York, Mass., and South Carolina -  Af.-Ams. -  brought as slave labor

6. Why? The U.S. attracted people from all over the world -  “Opportunity” -  “The streets were paved with Gold!” --  settled land, worked in factories, farmed land, cheap labor Americans became unhappy -  cheap labor -  different ---< religions, cultures and they took jobs and lowered wages for Americans!!!

7. Immigration Laws 1880’s -  Chinese Exclusion Act, 1920’s -  3 immigration laws -  set up quotas on the # who could come from any one country in a given year -  aimed at Southern and Eastern Europeans

8. Legal Immigration Revision Act (1990) Increased the # of immigrants allowed into the US each year; Special preference was given to: 1. Husbands, wives and children of U.S. citizens, 2. People with job skills or $ to invest in our economy 3. Aliens 4. Refugees

9. Aliens: Legal/Illegal Legal Aliens -- have permission from the govt. to be here (Visas) -- Rights: May hold jobs, own property, attend school, travel throughout the country -- Duties: must obey US laws and pay taxes --Restrictions: may not vote, run for political office, work in most govt. jobs, some states prohibit them from working in certain jobs, such as public schools; they must carry their ID cards (Green Cards) with them at all times Illegal Aliens More than 10 million currently living in the US How do they get here? 1. Expired visas 2. smuggled in – ships, car trunks, night crossings Government responses: 1. Increased border security 2. High fences 3. Laws punishing employers and landlords

10. How do You become a US Citizen??? Born in the U.S. or U.S. territory such as Guam or Puerto Rico Born in the U.S., but neither parent is a U.S. citizen (in most cases you are considered a U.S. citizen) Born in another country and one or both Parents who are U.S. citizens Naturalization

11. The Naturalization Process General Requirements: A. Pd. Of continuous residency  at least 2 ½ years, if you leave -  must start over B. Good moral character C. Favorable disposition to the U.S. D. Ability to read, write, and speak the English language E. Knowledge and understanding of U.S. history and government F. Residence in a particular U.S.C.I.S. district prior to filing for citizenship

12. Naturalization Process http://www.immigrationdirect.com/resources/process.jsp http://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration/immigration- help/le6_i.html

13. Benefits of U.S. Citizenship http://www.uscitizenship.info/ins-USimmigration- naturalization-benefits.htm

14. A person wishing to give up or renounce his or her U.S. citizenship must voluntarily and with intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship: 1. appear in person before a U.S. consular or diplomatic officer,in a foreign country (normally at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate); 2. and sign an oath of renunciationRenunciations that do not meet the conditions described above have no legal effect. 3. Americans cannot effectively renounce their citizenship by mail, through an agent, or while in the United States. In fact, U.S. courts have held certain attempts to renounce U.S. citizenship to be ineffective.