1. http://www.math.fsu.edu/~quine/IntroMathBio_04/Proteins/myoglobin_geis.jpg myoglobin

2. Double Helix

3. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA Pyrimidine

4. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA Purine

5. Pyrimidines and Purines Made up of a 1.Sugar (5 carbon) 2.Phosphate group 3.Nitric Base

6. DNA Replication http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.ht mlhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.ht ml

8. Differences between RNA and DNA RNA has only a SINGLE Strand (DNA is Double Stranded) RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose RNA polymerase can start the RNA transcription without a primer

9. Differences between RNA and DNA RNA uses Uracil(U) instead of Thymine(T) More errors occur in an RNA copy than in DNA copy of nucleotides (10 3 more than in DNA) FACT: DNA has a transcription error approximately every 10 7 nucleotides. RNA has an error approximately every 10 4 !

10. Differences between RNA and DNA WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription? One of several reasons is that in rare instances Uracil can also bond with Guanine

11. Is this a Bad thing? WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription? One of several reasons is that in rare instance Uracil can also bond with Guanine RNA is a temporary copy in Eukaryotes

12. Types of RNA mRNA= messenger RNA codes for a protein

13. Types of RNA tRNA= transfer RNA central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

14. Types of RNA rRNA= ribosomal RNA form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

16. Transcription- the synthesis of RNA under DNA (occurs in the nucleus) Translation- the actual synthesis of a polypeptide coded for by the mRNA. (changing the base sequence of the mRNA molecule into a chain of amino acids that form a polypeptide. For our purposes a protein.)

17. An mRNA copy is made from DNA in the Nucleus

18. The DNA strand from which the mRNA is copied is the TEMPLATE STRAND

19. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters a ribosome (made up of rRNA)

20. tRNA collects a specific amino acids present in the cell and brings it to the ribosome

21. The anticodon of the tRNA matches up with its counterpart codon on the mRNA

22. When the mRNA & the tRNA link up the amino acid detaches and is connected to the adjacent amino acid

23. This chain of amino acids is a protein (polypeptide)

24. rRNA Ribosome

25. rRNA mRNA enters the “A” site of the ribosome

26. rRNA When the first codon reaches the “P” site the tRNA brings down the amino acid and links up with the mRNA

27. rRNA The “E” site is where the amino acid separates form the tRNA and links up to adjacent amino acids. This is where the MRNA and tRNA leave the ribosome

29. ANTICODONS Anticodon Anticodons specify which amino acid a tRNA collects The anticodon then pairs up with its corresponding codon

30. ANTICODONS Anticodon So for example... The anticodon AGU would pair with the codon UCA. THEY ARE OPPOSITES OF EACH OTHER

32. So What's a codon? Codon This basic unit of genetic code is 3 nucleotides long It specifies a specific amino acid Each codon only specifies 1 amino acid (BUT…an amino acid may have several different codons that code for it)

33. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap05/trna-1.gif&imgrefurl=http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap05/Chapter05.html&h=382&w=283&sz=37&tbnid=G8z7JoxTdy0J:&tbnh=119&tbnw=88&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3DtRNA%26svnum%3D50%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG

34. When DNA copies….. It copy's in a very specific order. It copies 5’-3’ from a 3’-5’ Template.

36. That means the DNA strand is in the following order… DNA

37. That means the DNA stand is in the following order…

42. THE END http://www.chemistry.emory.edu/faculty/lynn/research/dna/template.gif

43. Where credit is due http://homepages.strath.ac.uk/~dfs97113/BB310/img002.jpg http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/16x5bc.jpg http://opbs.okstate.edu/~petracek/Chapter%2027%20Figures/Fig%2 027-08a.GIFhttp://opbs.okstate.edu/~petracek/Chapter%2027%20Figures/Fig%2 027-08a.GIF http://imglib.lbl.gov/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY- LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE- SCIENCES/images/96703355.lowres.jpeghttp://imglib.lbl.gov/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY- LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE- SCIENCES/images/96703355.lowres.jpeg http://www.umanitoba.ca/afs/plant_science/COURSES/CYTO/l12/re plication.gifhttp://www.umanitoba.ca/afs/plant_science/COURSES/CYTO/l12/re plication.gif http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/rna.gif http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/ibbio/chem/notes/chpt14 /pyrimidine.gifhttp://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/ibbio/chem/notes/chpt14 /pyrimidine.gif http://www.daviddarling.info/images/uracil.jpg http://www.carolguze.com/images/cellorganelles/ribosome.jpg http://perso.wanadoo.fr/marxiens/sciences/codons.jpg