1. Daily TAKS Connection: Changes in DNA BIO(6): The student knows that the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected to: (C) Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause mutations and evaluate the significance of these changes.

2. Day 1 Construct a two tab foldable Materials: Foldable handout Scissors Pen Colored pencils/crayons Instructions: Fold all solid lines 1 cm folds should be glued together in the appropriate order so that a 4 side-box like foldable is produced

3. Day 2 notes Environmental Factors can Cause Mutations UV rays (does not affect gametes) Carcinogens (radiation, cigarettes, asbestos) Mutations can be beneficial to an organism because the change can create an advantage over other organisms Changes in DNA Sex cells (sperm & eggs)

4. Day 2 notes DNA is made up of a sequence of NUCLEOTIDES. 1. On your notes, circle a nucleotide. Any change in the sequence (order) of these nucleotides may result in a mutation 3 nucleotides code for an amino acid Amino acids make up proteins Nucleotides & DNA For example: G G A Glycine

5. Day 2 notes A single base change will code for a different amino acid. 1) What amino acids are coded for the above? 2) What if we change one base? What amino acids are coded for? Codon Chart UUUU UUU histadine-leucine-histadine histadine-proline-histadine This Means a Different Protein will be made!!

6. Day 2 notes A karyotype is a picture of a person’s 23 chromosomes. From a karyotype you can determine the following Karyotype This is a male This person has non-disjunction (when chormosomes fail to separate during mitosis (MUTATION)

7. Question 1 The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so that the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following will most likely occur? A The protein will be missing the first amino acid. B The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different. C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome. D The production of the protein will be stopped.

8. Question 2 The diagram above shows chromosomes in a cell undergoing cell division. If one of the chromosomes breaks during this process, which of the following will most likely happen? A Mutation B Selection C Duplication D Segregation

9. Question 3 The diagram shows three generations of cells produced by a single cell through mitosis. In the process, a single mutation occurred at the point indicated. The mutation caused changes within a dominant allele. How many of the 15 cells contain the mutation? Record and bubble in your answer as you would on a griddable item. 7 000