1. 1 DETECTION OF COPPER IN THE SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER BY USING PYRAZOLIDINE LUMINOL (PL) Syarifah Hikmah Julinda a, Preeda Parkpian a and Srung Smanmoo b a School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, 58, Moo 9, km.42, Phaholyothin Highway, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand b Bioresources Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Presented By Syarifah Hikmah Julinda, S.Pi, M.Sc

2. 2 Contents  Background of study  Research objective  Methodology  Results and discussions  Conclusions

3. 3 MediaLevels/standard Seawater<1 µg/ l (Ellingsen et al., 2007) Lake & river1-10 µg/ l (Ellingsen et al., 2007) Drinking water/tap water< 1300 µg/ l (US EPA, 1993) Industrial Effluent< 2 mg/l (PCD, 2008) Environmental levels of Copper Composition of copper releases to water bodies (United States Department of Agriculture, 1998) Background Copper is an essential trace elements but also an environmental pollutant

4. 4 Measurement Spectrophotometer Sample PreparationMethodDetection Limit Reference Acidify with 1:1 HNO 3 to pH < 2 AAS20 µg/litreUS EPA (1986) Filter and acidity sampleICP2-10 µg/litreUS EPA (1986) Filter and acidity sampleICP-AES6 µg/litreATSDR (1990) Sample solutions should contain 0.5 % HNO 3 GF-AAS1 µg/litreUS EPA (1986) Acid digestion with HNO 3, reflux ICP-MS0.01 µg/litreUS EPA (1994) Common methods for Cu (II) ion detection require the use of sophistication and expensive instrumentation

5. 5 A dual responsive colorimetric and fluorescent Hg2+ ion from rhodamines based sensor in aqueous media (Huang et al., 2008) Chemosensor Upon binding metals:  A fluorescent chemosensor induces fluorescent change  A colorimetric chemosensor exhibits color change. This is challenging technique since the detection of Cu (II) ion can be achieved by naked eye MethodDetection Limit Reference Rhodamine B hydroxylamine as fluorescent chemosensor Cu(II) ion 20 µg/litreChen et al (2009) Terpyridine as colorimetric chemosensor Hg(II) ion 2 µg/litreShunmugam (2008) Successful chemosensor for detection metals

6. 6 Pyrazolidine Luminol (PL) Cu(II) ion Pyrazolidine Luminol  PL is defined as a colorimetric chemosensor for Cu(II) ion detection. Upon binding with Cu(II) ion, PL induces a color change followed by appearing peak of absorbance around 425 nm. (Nasomphan et al., 2009)

7. 7  Developing a PL sensor as a colorimetric chemosensor for the detection of Cu (II) ion  Determination of detection limit and optimum conditions of PL sensor Research objectives

8. 8 Methodology Phase II Developing of sensor Phase I Pre research Selectivity of sensor Detection limit of sensor Optimum conditions of PL sensor : - Time response - pH Materials and Reagents Preparation Synthesis of sensor and 1 HNMR analysis PL sensor solution Naked eye UV-vis spectrophotometer

9. 9 PL Cu2+ Ag+ Na+ Mn2+ Zn2+ Co2+ Cd2+ Hg2+ Pb2+ Fe2+ Ba2+ Al2+ Ca2+ Ni2+ Concentration of PL and metal ions were 10 -3 M Selectivity of PL sensor Absorbance of PL in the presence of various metal ions Results and discussions

10. 10 Detection limit of PL sensor 0 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 Naked eye : Detection limit found at 3.75 x 10 -4 M UV spectro : Detection limit found at 0.6 x 10 -4 M

11. 11 Optimum conditions of PL sensor (Cont’) Effect of pH on UV-vis results of absorbance PL sensor (10 -3 M) at 425 nm upon addition Cu(II) ion 10 -3 M Time influence of UV-vis titration spectra of PL sensor (10 -3 M) upon addition Cu(II) ion 10 -3 M

12. 12 Conclusions  There were changes in color of PL sensor upon addition of Cu(II) ion, followed by appearing peak of absorbance at 425.92 nm (UV-Vis spectra)  Detection limit PL sensor 3.75 x 10 -4 M of Cu(II) ion by naked eye observation and 0.6 x 10 -4 M by UV-vis spectrophotometer  PL sensor give highly selectivity. In addition, PL sensor was more preferable to Cu(II) ion rather than Cu(I) ion.

13. 13 TerimakasiH THANK YOU Terimakasih