1. EDUCATION IN SPAIN THROUGHOUT XIX AND XX CENTURIES  PART 1 FROM 1812 TO THE CIVIL WAR  PART 2 AFTER THE WAR PERIOD  PART 3 OUR SCHOOL IN THE 60s  PART 4 P.E IN THE SCHOOLS UP TO THE 80s

2. PART 1 FROM 1812 CONSTITUTION TO THE CIVIL WAR 1936 From 1850 to 1900 the number of schools rose from 17,170 to 29,776 schools. Rates of illiteracy in population were decreasing: 63.8% in 1900 59.4% in 1910. It went down to 40% along the early 1900s

3. 1812: THE FIRST CONSTITUTION PROCLAIMED UNIVERSAL, PUBLIC EDUCATION FOR EVERYBODY On the 19 th of March 1812, the first Constitution was proclaimed and with it the right of an universal, public education for everyone. There was one school for every 500 inhabitants.

4. 1830: FULL CITIZENS SHOULD LEARN HOW TO READ AND WRITE Article 25 from the Constitution says that since 1830, people who want to become full citizens should know how to read and write.

5. 1857:COMPULSORY EDUCATION UP TO 9 YEARS Moyano Law of 1857 made education compulsory from 6 to 9 years There were not sufficiently trained and paid teachers ( they didn´t enjoy an acceptable social image).

6. Children attended lessons at school five hours a day 175 days a year. Students were boys from 4 to 16 years. This progressive development did not follow the rapid pace of the other nations of Western Europe. 1900:SCHOOLS FOR BOYS UP TO 16 YEARS

7. Spain became a Republic in1931, and this intensified the interest in education: -Teachers´ qualification improved. -The curriculum for secondary education was created. -The number of colleges, schools and institutions increased and it replaced the teaching of religious orders. -Autonomy to the colleges at University was granted. -Studies and scientific research intensified.

8. This is the classroom. In a picture Cain runs away as Abel lies dead, next to a blood puddle. The teacher talks in a loud voice. He is a skinny old man slovenly dressed, a book in his hand. All the children sing the lesson along, repeating after him: thousand times a hundred,a hundred and thousand; thousand times a thousand, a million. A grey cold winter afternoon. Pupils study. A rainy monotony resounds on the window panes.

9. PART 2  AFTER THE WAR PERIOD

10. ABACUS STOVES

11. CARDBOARD AND WOODEN BOOKCASES SCHOOL NOTEBOOKS

12. TWO-STUDENT DESKS WITH AN INK CASE MADE OF LEAD OR PORCELAIN BOYS AND GIRLS SCHOOL EMBLEMS

13. MEASUREMENT UNITS: CABAS “ HOLY CHILDHOOD” MONEY-BOXES

14. IN THE 50s

15. PART 3  OUR SCHOOL IN THE 60s It was a girls' school. There were only female teachers

18. IN THE 70S

19.  P.E IN THE SCHOOLS UP TO THE 80s

20.  In 1861 it was declared a compulsory subject in schools and Teachers' Colleges, although it was not fulfilled by then. GYMNASTICS AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT

21. TRADITIONAL GYMNASTICS  In Spain, Francisco Amorós introduced Swedish gymnastics, greatly influenced by P.H. Ling. Thanks to him the concept evolved into training, hygienic, corrective and therapeutic gymnastics.

22. They were mostly Analytical exercises There was excessive statism and order A MODEL OF PHYSICAL HEALTH THROUGH GYMNASTICS

23.  1 Slow movements gymnastics 2 Arms and legs movements 3 Exercising movements with the whole body 4 Students follow the instructor's order IT ESTABLISHED SEVERAL PRINCIPLES

24.  The gym should develop harmoniously the body, exercising all its parts.  Both boys and girls practiced it. PRACTICE AT SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS

25. The need for a physical education for all, whether weak or strong as a school subject was established. EXERCISES HAD A CORRECTIVE EFFECT