1. Sam Stover, Hanna McNinch, Luca Cacciatore, Liam Safran, Nick Forsyth

2.   1063: The beginning of the attempt to drive Muslims out of Spain  Reconquista : Reconquest  Muslims only had small kingdom Granada in the 1400s  4 kingdoms of Iberian Peninsula 1)Portugal 2)Navarre 3)Castile 4)Aragon Spain Before Isabella & Ferdinand

3.   Daughter of King John II  King John King of Castile  Father died when she was three  Brother became King Henry IV  Henry died on July 5, 1468  She was heir to Henry  Became queen and ruled Castile  Wore a cross in war Isabella Queen Isabella

4.   Ferdinand was the king of Aragon  1461, John II named him heir and governor of all his kingdoms and lands.  He became king of Sicily 1468, in order to impress the court of Castile. In addition to participating in court life, he saw battle during the Catalonian wars.  Known to have imposing personality Ferdinand

5.   Married together in 1469  Kingdoms became allies  Started conquest of Granada in 1482  Took ten years to capture Granada  Christian state is “one king, one law, one faith.”-Isabella  Resurrected the inquisition  Tolerance of religion that is not roman catholic=0  Trade was damaged by being religiously united  2000 men and women burned at the stake trying to capture Granada  1492 started a campaign against Spa nish Jews  150,000 Jews left country Ferdinand & Isabella Ferdinand

6.   Exiles went to Jordan, Israel, Syria, and Iran  Isabella died in 1504  After that Ferdinand seized part of Navarre  By the time of his death, 1516, Spain had reached its modern borders  Heir was Juanna know as “the mad”  Only legacy was writings done by her  Columbus discovered New World and gave it to Castile  Were Roman Catholic Continued Christopher Columbus Juanna “the mad”

7.   Are maps changing?  Theme: Human Rights  The autonomous region of Spain known as Catalonia has cried out to the Spanish government to hear there call for independence. The reason Catalonia is so eager for this change simply has to do with their culture and language.  The people of Catalonia have always historically spoken their own language, Catalan. The people of Catalonia also differ from the rest of Spain in the way that they banned bull fighting, calling it “cruel and barbaric”. They also do not dance the flamenco like the rest of Spain. As you may have already thought, Catalonia is eager about becoming an independent state.  The reason the theme is human rights is that people are debating whether these people have the right as humans to become independent.  In my opinion, I believe Catalonia has the right to break apart from Spain if they wish to. If Catalonian culture is that special to them they should be able to be independent. The only thing about this article that bothers me is that Spain refuses to recognize the referendum and is calling it illegal.  This article relates to class because it has to do with the strive for independence, to show that a group can handle on their own. This can be seen when Sparta would not join the Delian league because of their pride and the want to not be apart of someone else’s group. Current Event

8.   http://www.ctspanish.com/legends/isabella1.htm http://www.ctspanish.com/legends/isabella1.htm  http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/medrenqueen s/p/p_isabella_i.htm http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/medrenqueen s/p/p_isabella_i.htm  http://www.wga.hu/tours/spain/ferdina2.html http://www.wga.hu/tours/spain/ferdina2.html  Social Studies black World History text book Works Cited