1. Alabama High School Graduation Exam Social Studies Remediation Vocabulary Review Chapter 4

2. Tariff of 1816 –

3. raised tariffs on imports by 20 percent

4. Trail of Tears –

5. the forced removal of five Native American nations (Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Cherokees, and Seminoles) and relocation to present day Oklahoma. Over one quarter of the people died on this "Trail of Tears" from disease, starvation, and exposure to the bitter cold.

6. Amish –

7. established in parts of Pennsylvania, Canada, and the Midwest; their objective was to keep religious purity by living a life of simplicity and hard work.

8. Lewis & Clark –

9. led an expedition to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean. This exploration led to the rapid migration of settlers to the Pacific Northwest.

10. Suffragettes –

11. women who supported the right to vote

12. Quakers –

13. another community whose objective was to keep religious purity by living a life of simplicity and hard work

14. Frederick Douglass –

15. the most prominent African American speaker for the abolition of slavery.

16. Andrew Jackson –

17. the first man to rise from poverty to the office of President. People elected Jackson because they thought he represented the common man.

18. Robert Fulton –

19. used a steam powered boat to travel up the Hudson River from New Jersey; boats are now able to go up the river as well as down.

20. Eli Whitney –

21. invented the cotton gin, a machine that separated the seeds from the cotton; the gin made cotton the most profitable crop in the South.

22. James Monroe –

23. Republican and the fifth president of the United States; during his presidency, the country experienced political unity.

24. Henry Clay –

25. proposed (a) a protective tariff (tax on imports) to keep American manufacturing growing, (b) internal improvements (better canals and roadways), and (c) a strong national bank.

26. Sacagawea –

27. a very talented Native American Shoshone woman who became translator and guide to Lewis & Clark on their expedition to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

28. Erie Canal (1825) –

29. provided a new shipping route from Buffalo, NY, to Albany, NY. The canal's success contributed to establishing New York City as the major commercial center of the United States.

30. Reservations –

31. tiny parcels of marginal land where Native Americans were expelled to when white settlers wanted their land

32. Utopia –

33. a community that would be harmonious and provide the world with the best example of how to live

34. Alabama in 1819 –

35. Alabama was admitted as a slave state in 1819 restoring the balance of slave states and free states

36. Spoils system –

37. the policy, openly allowed by Andrew Jackson, of allowing friends and supporters to have high positions in public office

38. Monroe Doctrine –

39. a nonintervention policy in which the U.S. declared it would not interfere in the internal affairs of European countries or in independent countries in the Americas.

40. National Road –

41. stretched westward from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia. Under Henry Clay's initiative, the National Road extended further West to Vandalia, Illinois.

42. Manifest Destiny –

43. The belief that it was God's will for the United States to expand and eventually possess the entire continent.

44. Indian Removal Act –

45. an act proposed by Andrew Jackson and passed by Congress forcing the removal of five Native American nations (Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Cherokees, and Seminoles) to reservations in present day Oklahoma

46. Doctrine of Nullification

47. the doctrine that states "If Congress passes a bill that is very harmful to a particular state, that state is not obligated to enforce the federal law. In addition, if three fourths of the states believe such a law to be unconstitutional, the law will be null and void."

48. Underground Railroad –

49. not actually a railroad, the Underground Railroad was a network of people who helped slaves escape to the northern United States or Canada.

50. Abolitionist movement –

51. a movement to put an end to slavery

52. Temperance Movement

53. members of this movement wanted to monitor the use of alcohol; later, they advocated total abstinence from alcohol.

54. "Era of Good Feeling" –

55. the national unity and optimistic mood during James Monroe's presidency

56. The End of Chapter 4