1. Dr. Nancy King Kennesaw State University The Global Community for Academic Advising Academic Advising: Past, Present and Future

2. We begin in medieval times when a preceptor imparted his knowledge to students

3. In 1841, Kenyon College (Ohio) uses the term “advisor”

4. On to the 1880s, when a system of faculty advisors was set up at Johns Hopkins.

5. The Year Was 1953 “Advising is a process with a long and dignified history in colleges and universities... involving, as often does, tedious clerical work combined with hit and run conferences with students on curricula. It is a most cordially hated activity by the majority of college teachers.” M S. Maclean, Personnel and Guidance Journal

6. And in 1960... “The task of advising is concentrated in the opening days of registration and enrollment and consists of aiding students in the selection of courses.” Asa Knowles, Handbook of College and University Administrators

7. 1960s While faculty advising was still the primary delivery system for academic advising, two new delivery systems were introduced: centralized advising centers peer and professional advising

8. 1972 Advising is “concerned with not only the specific personal or vocational decision but with facilitating the student’s rational processes, environmental and interpersonal interactions, behavioral awareness, and problem-solving, decision- making and evaluation skills.” Burns Crookston

9. In 1972, Terry O’Banion outlined five dimensions of academic advising: ●Exploration of life goals ● Exploration of vocational goals ● Exploration of program choices ● Exploration of course choices ● Exploration of scheduling options

10. In 1977, over 300 people attended a national meeting on academic advising. Over the next two years, NACADA was established.

11. A 1984 Definition “A systematic process based on a close student-advisor relationship intended to aid students in achieving educational, career, and personal goals through the use of the full range of institutional and community resources.” Winston, Miller, Ender, and Grites

12. In the 1970s and 80s, developmental advising: Became a dominant advising paradigm Extended advising beyond scheduling Drew on student development theory Emphasized individual student growth Emphasized shared responsibility

13. In 1988 “Perhaps the most urgent reform on most campuses in improving general education involves academic advising. To have programs and courses become coherent and significant to students requires adequate advising.” Task Force on General Education Association of American Colleges

14. A new approach ~ A new focus “An excellent advisor does the same for the student’s entire curriculum that the excellent teacher does for one course.” Marc Lowenstein, 2005

15. NACADA Concept of Academic Advising Preamble (2006) “Academic advising is integral to fulfilling the teaching and learning mission of higher education.”

16. Through academic advising, students learn to become members of their higher education community, to think critically about their roles and responsibilities as students, and to prepare to be educated citizens of a democratic society and a global community.

17. “Academic advising engages students beyond their own world views, while acknowledging their individual characteristics, values, and motivations as they enter, move through, and exit the institution.” NACADA Concept Preamble

18. Focus on the advisee as learner What is it we want our students to demonstrate they Know Are able to do Value and appreciate as a result of academic advising?

19. Advising as Teaching and Learning Through advising, we want students... To value the learning process To learn and use decision-making strategies To put the college experience into perspective To set and evaluate priorities To develop thinking and learning skills NACADA Core Values

20. At the heart of advising is the art of conversation “The art of conversation is the ability to create a dialogue that others will willingly join.”

21. Knowing the language is essential to conversation “You cannot enter any world for which you do not have the language.” Wittgenstein

22. Three Types of Conversations Advisors Have with Students 1.Conversations that are informational: Policies and procedures Requirements Important dates and deadlines Programs of study Too often advising conversations stop here and do not progress to the next two types.

23. 2.Conversations about the individual student  Core values  Aptitudes/interests  Strengths  Areas for improvement (study skills, time management, oral competency)  Level of involvement in the life of the institution

24. 3.Conversations about the future What do I want my future to be? (career and personal life) What steps do I need to make this future a reality? How am I changing as a result of my education?

25. A meaningful relationship, a connection with an advisor who demonstrates both knowledge and a genuine concern for students’ success. What does good advising involve?

26. It also means.... Making connections between advising and students’ personal lives “At key points in their college years, an academic advisor asked questions, or posed a challenge that forced students to think about the relationship of their academic work to their personal lives.” Richard Light, 2001

27. It’s More than Scheduling Advising conversations that extend beyond course selection, scheduling, and registration into “Bigger Ideas” are those that students find most helpful and that contribute to student persistence.

28. Why are you at this college/university? What are your goals for your education? Why do you want to major in English, in Accounting, in Political Science? How can you make the most of your time in college? What skills are you developing? What skills do you need to develop, and how will you do this? Advisors Ask the Why, What, and How Questions

29. Advising and Retention “Effective retention programs have come to understand that academic advising is at the very core of successful institutional efforts to educate and retain students.” Vincent Tinto Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition

32. In recent years… colleges and universities have been working to become more intentional both about the purposes of education and about the practices that help today’s students succeed in college. Peer Review, Toward Intentionality and Integration, Fall 2008, Carol Geary Schneider

33. 3 predictors important for persistence in 1 st year college: highest level of high school math taking an AP/IB course meeting with a college academic advisor

34. “Possibly the most surprising finding was the strength of academic advising as a factor in persistence.”

37. The lesson to colleges is clear: policies to encourage these (advising) relationships can go a long way toward making sure students are on pace to earn a degree.

38. Advising that contributes to student success and retention... Is a student-centered process focused on teaching and learning Facilitates behavioral awareness and problem-solving, decision-making and evaluation skills Encourages both short and long-term goal setting Makes students feel they matter Stresses a shared responsibility with students making decisions for themselves

39. “Advising should be at the core of the institution’s educational mission rather than layered on as a service.” Robert Berdahl, New Directions for Teaching and Learning

40. The Hub

41. The Collaboration Advising requires coordination and collaboration among units across campus that provide student support/services. “Every time you see a turtle on a fencepost, you know it didn’t get there by itself.” Alex Haley

42. Approaches to Organizing Advising Programs Centralized Decentralized Shared

43. Four Questions to Consider in Organizing Advising Programs 1.Who is advised? 2.Who advises? 3.Where is advising done? 4.How are advising responsibilities divided? Marsha Miller

44. The Future of Academic Advising Why academic advising is more important than ever Rising costs of higher education The current state of our economy Changing expectations of students and families Increasing pressure from states for students to graduate “on time”

45. Future Issues Changing curricula Changing technologies Increasing use of social media Increasing demands; decreasing resources Increasing diversity of students Increasing costs

46. Conclusions View of advising has dramatically evolved and broadened over time Advising is now focused on teaching and learning Advising assists students with career/life planning and deals with “big” issues Although not a magic bullet, advising is clearly related to student persistence

47. Advising is the hub of the student services wheel Advising cannot be done in isolation—it is a tag-team activity Advising is increasingly important to institutions in demonstrating accountability (i.e. retention, graduation)

48. Two Views of Education “An education is not how much you have committed to memory or even how much you know. It’s being able to differentiate between what you know and what you don’t know.” Anatole France “College is a vacation from the commonplace, the routine opinion, the tired thought, the unexamined prejudice.” Mark Van Doren

49. Advisors-as-Teachers …. Students should experience college in both ways suggested in these two quotes: as information and the expansion of their world. Advisors-as- Teachers are educators who can help students achieve this important goal.