1. Quick Review for Mid-Term Examination HNRS 228 - Astrobiology Prof. Geller

2. Overview of Chapter 1 zLife Elsewhere zWorlds Beyond Imagination ydistances between worlds ydistances between stars ycommunications between star systems zStuff of Life ybirth and death of stars and planets yorigin of the chemical elements ychemistry review yformation of solar system yother solar systems

3. Overview of Chapter 2 zRoots of science yGreeks and Geocentrism zCopernican Revolution yCopernicus, Tycho, Kepler, Galileo, Newton zNature of Modern Science yWhat you think you know

4. Overview of Chapter 3 zWhat is Life yIts properties, evolution and definition zCells: The basic units of life yStructure, composition, prokaryotes, eukaryotes zMetabolism: The chemistry of life yEnergy needs and sources; water zDNA and Heredity yStructure, replication, genetic code zLife at the Extremes yExtremophiles and their implications

5. Chapter 4 - Rocks zHow geologists tell apart different minerals and rocks ycolor, luster, texture yhardness test xscratching one against another diamond is hardest yacid test xusing weak hydrochloric acid to ystreak test xform a streak across a ceramic tile

6. Chapter 4 - Geologic Time zFossilization z“Reading the Rocks” yprinciple of uniformity yprinciple of original horizontality yprinciple of superposition yprinciple of crosscutting relationships yprinciple of faunal succession yradiometric dating zGeologic Time Scale

7. Chapter 4 - Geologic Time

8. Chapter 5 - Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth zSearching for the origin zFunctional beginnings of life yFrom chemistry to biology at the molecular level zProkaryotes and oxygen zEukaryotes and explosion of diversity zMass extinctions, asteroids and climate change zEvolutions of humans zConclusions

9. Density vs. Temperature (water)

10. Biochemical Pathways

11. Chemical Beginnings

12. Molecular Features of Living Systems (continued) DNA m-RNA t-RNA Polypeptide Functional Protein Transcription Translation Translation/Genetic Code Conformation

13. Taylor Hierarchy of Life Community Population Organism Organ Tissue Cell Organelles Macromolecules Atoms

14. Taylor Hierarchy of Ecology Earth Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organisms

15. Chapter 6 - Searching the Solar System for Life zReview Requirements for Life zSearching for Life in Our Solar System zExploring the Solar System yremotely from Earth or spacecraft, landers on surface, human exploration zBiological Tour of the Solar System

16. Sample Phase Diagram

17. Nebular Condensation Chemistry

18. Planetary Summary

19. Format of Mid-term zThe mid-term examination will consist of numerous (~40) short essay (1-2 sentences each) questions (2-4 points each). yNo multiple choice questions. yNo long essay questions.