2. TITLE: FORESTS AND WILDLIFE AUTHOR’S NAME: DHANYA MANOOR AFFILIATION: STUDENT (10 TH STANDARD, VIKASA HIGH SCHOOL ) ADDRESS: VIKASA HIGH SCHOOL, ALKOLA, SHIVAMOGGA 577204

3. FORESTS: Generally saying FORESTS are the large areas covered thickly with plants and trees.. Generally saying FORESTS are the large areas covered thickly with plants and trees..

4. TROPICAL EVER GREEN FORESTS

5. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

6. TROPICAL THORN AND SHRUB FORESTS: TROPICAL THORN AND SHRUB FORESTS: These forests are found where rain fall is between 60 and 75 cms. These forests have short stem trees These forests are found where rain fall is between 60 and 75 cms. These forests have short stem trees Babul, Kasvi,coarse grass,palms and Kikar trees are found Babul, Kasvi,coarse grass,palms and Kikar trees are found

7. DESERT VEGETATION

8. MANGROOVE FORESTS

9. HIMALAYAN OR ALPINE VEGETATION

10. IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS 1. They provide raw materials to Industry 2. They provide food, fodder, fuel, fertilizer and fibre.   They prevent soil erosion and preserve the fertility of the soil. soil. 4. They provide moisture and lower the temperature. 5. They are the home for many animals and birds, thus, they preserve the biodiversity. 6. They maintain the ecological balance.

11. DEPLETION OF FORESTS  Large scale cutting of trees for different purposes like Industries.  Over grazing by cattle.  Irrigation and power projects.  Forest fire, floods etc.

12. CONSERVATION OF FORESTS 1. Nationalization of forest operations 2. Protection and operation of wild life and environment. 3. Commercialization of Industrial forest operation. 4. Raising the forest area to 33.3% of land of India. 5. Social forestry

13. SOME OF THE FACTS REGARDING THESE FORESTS Forests in India that constitutes about 2% of the World’s total area cover 22.8% of the land. Forests in India that constitutes about 2% of the World’s total area cover 22.8% of the land. Arunchal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have the largest and the denser forest area in India. Arunchal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have the largest and the denser forest area in India. Haryana has the lowest forest area. Haryana has the lowest forest area.

14. WILD LIFE WILD LIFE means the native animals of a region. WILD LIFE means the native animals of a region.

15. CHAUSINGA SWAMP DEER NEELGAI

16. ENDANGERED SPECIES These are the species, which are in danger of extinction and which may not survive if the adverse factors continue to rotate. These are the species, which are in danger of extinction and which may not survive if the adverse factors continue to rotate.

17. VULNERABLE SPECIES VULNERABLE SPECIES The species likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal adverse factors continue to operate The species likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal adverse factors continue to operate

18. RARE SPECIES These are the species with small population in the world and are at risk These are the species with small population in the world and are at risk

19. THREATENED SPECIES These are Species, which are in any one of the Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare Species categories These are Species, which are in any one of the Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare Species categories

20. THREATENED REPTILES, BIRDS AND MAMMALS OF INDIA AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES BIRDSMAMMALS Salamander Marsh Crocodile Estuarine Crocodile Gharial The Great Indian Bustard The white winged wood duck Capped langur Tiger Lion Leopard Snow leopard Golden Cat Fishing cat Sloth bear Desert Cat

21. TIGER SNOW LEOPARD FISHING CAT

22. MARSHY CROCODILE WHITE WINGED WOOD DUCK GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD

23. REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILD LIFE 1. Absence of shelter to wild animals. 2. Deforestation 3. Destruction of wild plants which affects the survival of wild life 4. Pollution

24. NECESSITY FOR WILD LIFE CONSERVATION 1. The wild life helps us in maintaining balance of nature. 2. It can increase our foreign exchange if linked with tourism. 3. The preservation of wild life helps to make their study easy. 4. The wild life of India is our cultural asset and had deep rooted effect on Indian art, sculpture and religion.

25. MODES OF WILD LIFE CONSERVATION Protection by law Protection by law Protected species of Indian wild life Protected species of Indian wild life Establishment of Sanctuaries and National park Establishment of Sanctuaries and National park Natural habitates of wild life should be carefully protected Natural habitates of wild life should be carefully protected Shooting and hunting of endangered species should be totally banned Shooting and hunting of endangered species should be totally banned Research on wildlife should be encouraged Research on wildlife should be encouraged Public should be educated Public should be educated

26. NATIONAL PARKS IN KARNATAKA Bandipur Bandipur Bannerghatta Bannerghatta Nagarahole Nagarahole Kudermukh Kudermukh Anashi Anashi

27. National parks of Karnataka

28. SANCTURIES IN KARNATAKA Adichunchanagiri Adichunchanagiri Arabithittu Arabithittu Attiveri Attiveri Daroji Daroji Gudavi Gudavi Ranganathittu Ranganathittu Shettihalli Shettihalli Mookambika Mookambika Ghataprabha Ghataprabha