1. Sponges Cnidarians Comb Jellies

2. Jelly Fish and sponges are animals?
Sponges were thought to be plants because they do not move (sessile) Jellyfish were classified as the simplest animals, they have movement. What classifies an animal? 2

3. The Cell type classifies an organism

4. Where do we find sponges?__________________________

5. Unique Features of Sponges Phylum Porifera
Based on the previous video why
Do sponges not need light?________
No Organs
No Tissue
No symmetry
No Movement (sessile)
No Tissue
No organs 5

6. What do sponges have?
Body is made of special cells that act like organs; sponges are filter feeders
Osculum “Mouth”
Choanocytes: Collar cells: “heart” Archaeocytes: “Stomach”
Spicules: “skeleton”

8. Feeding and Digestion Suspension feeders (AKA Filter feeders)
Bacteria, protozoans unicellular algae, bits of organic matter (detritus)
Size matters
Large particles--pinacocytes and archaeocytes
Small particles--choanocytes
Archaeocytes do most of the digestion and storage of food
Wastes leave via osculum 8

9. Examples of Sponges 10,000 species
Glass sponges
Bath Sponge
Calcium Carbonate Sponge
Sponges are classified
Based on spicules “skeleton”
Chemical make-up.
Ex: Silica, spongin, calcium carbonate
    9

10. Reproduction Asexually by budding or fragmentation
Regeneration (Can grow back)
Sexual reproduction
Sperm enter though the ostia, choanocytes carry them to the egg.
Larvae usually develop in the adult then exit through osculum,. 10

11. Ecological Role of Sponges
Filter feeders: Filter out the water
Sponges are eaten by turtles and sea slugs
sponge crabs place a sponges on their back
to camouflage with their environment
- Provide hiding places for animals

12. Human Importance of Sponges
Human collection: provides jobs and drives economy in towns that collect them

13. Complete Reading Activity

14. hydra, stinging jellyfish, coral, anemones
Phylum Cnidaria
hydra, stinging jellyfish, coral, anemones

15. General Characteristics of Cnidarians: Jellyfish
No organs
Simple Tissue Layers
Nematocysts define this group
nematocytes: stinging cells

16. Cnidarians
Have Radial Symmetry
Medusa or Polyp body plans

17. Cnidarian Structure 2 tissue layers (no organs) Polyp—sessile
Medusa—swimming
2 tissue layers (no organs)
Epidermis
Endoderm (gastric)
Mesoglea (jelly) between the two tissue layers. NOT TISSUE LAYER

18. Reproduction in Cnidarians
Normal life cycle:
Egg settles and grows to a polyp.
Polyp develops into medusa.
Medusa sexually reproduces makes egg or sperm
Immortal Jellyfish:
Turritopsis nutricula after the
Medusa stage it goes back to the polyp and then
Medusa then polyp “forever”

19. Feeding and Digestion Tentacles with cnidocytes capture prey
suspension feeders, plankton
jellyfish are carnivorous-hunt vertebrates and invertebrates
Tentacles then pull prey to gastrovascular cavity
Enzymes digest, cells absorb
Waste excreted through mouth/anus
Blue=anemone mouth
red= fish flesh
Jellyfish catching fish
Anemone eating mussel

20. Cnidaria have:
Cnidocytes, stinging cells that capture prey

21. Nervous System Have a Nerve Net No brain
Brain coral
Nervous System
Have a Nerve Net
No brain
Respond to stimuli from all directions
Nerve net controls responses and movement

22. Phylum Cnidarians: Include Classes
Scyphozoa: Jellyfish
Cubuzoa: Box Jellyfish
Hydrozoa: Hydroids
Anthozoa: Corals, Sea Anemones

23. Class Scyphozoa: Jelllyfish
3 main Types of “jellyfish”, over 280 species:
2. Sea Nettles
1. Crown Jellyfish
3. Blubber Jellyfish

24. Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Medusa = primary stage
photoreceptors sense light
Domed Shape
most are small and float with currents
largest reach 70+ meters
And 450 pounds

25. Class: Cubuzoa Not True Jellyfish different then scyphozoans
Called Box Jellies
dome shaped not umbrella shaped like scyphozoans.
This shape makes them quicker swimmers
Much more venom in Nematocysts
More developed nervous system /
Box Jelly
True Jellyfish

26. Long Island Scyphozoa
Lions mane can get up to 8 feet, normally 12 inches as seen
In the picture to the right
Moon
Jellyfish inches
There sting does not hurt people
For Jellyfish
Sting use vinegar
To neutralize the
Venom:

27. Jellyfish as Food?

28. Scyphozoa: Hydrozoa Colonial polyps (Not a single individual)
feeding polyps
reproductive polyps
Portuguese man-of-war does not form sessile colonies. Instead, the colony is suspended from a gas sac. Usually found in tropical waters but can be pushed by currents as far North
to Canadian waters
man o war

29. Anthozoa (sea anemones, coral, gorgonians)
Benthic animals, most are sessile, never in the medusa stage
Most Anthozoans have algae as a symbiont and therefore require light to live.
Corals
Sea Anemones
Gorgonians

30. Anthozoa: Corals Two main types of corals
Soft Coral/non building reef corals
Two main types of corals
Reef Builders and non reef builders
Reef builders are called Hermatypic corals or Hard Corals
Non reef builders are called Ahermatypic corals or soft Corals
Hard Coral/ reef building corals

31. Anthozoa: Hermatypic Corals
They obtain part of their energy from zooxanthellae, symbiotic photosynthetic microalgae.
They secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.

32. Hermatypic Corals Create Reefs called the Rainforest of the sea
Over a quarter of all marine fish are found in reefs
Only 0.2% ocean contains coral reefs
Reefs worldwide provide economic services worth $375 billion per year.

33. Coral Reefs will not be around for your children
At the current rate of coral bleaching due to warmer sea temperatures, All coral reef ecosystems will be gone in years.
Healthy Bleached

34. Phylum Ctenophora
Comb Jellies

35. Comb Jellies Resemble jellyfish,
Comb plates (rows of cilia) run along exterior and propel the animal
Most do not have cnidocytes
Secrete sticky substance to bind prey or net-like tentacles

36. Bioluminescence to attract prey, mates, or perhaps to deter predators
Usually found in deep waters