1. The Benefits of RNP-RNAV in Commercial Operations 4 th Steering Committee Meeting COSCAP-North Asia 2, 3 March 2005, Shanghai, PRC Captain Frank M. Hankins frank.m.hankins@boeing.com Paul D. Russell, Chief Engineer, Safety paul.d.russell@boeing.com Boeing Commercial Airplanes

2. 2 2COSCAP NA Steering Committee Overview RNAV RNP Benefits The Essentials of RNAV RNP—What is it? Opportunity for Safety enhancement Opportunity for Economic Savings Introduction of the RNAV RNP Regulatory Standards Introduction to Airplane RNAV RNP Capability RNAV RNP Implementation Scope and Process Examples of RNAV RNP Operations Summary

3. 3 3COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNAV RNP BENEFITS Cost Effective World-Wide Coverage 24/7 Availability Unaffected by Weather Accuracy of Ground Tracks No Ground-based Navaids Required IFR Operations into VFR Airports Reduced Obstacle Clearance Areas Cost Effective World-Wide Coverage 24/7 Availability Unaffected by Weather Accuracy of Ground Tracks No Ground-based Navaids Required IFR Operations into VFR Airports Reduced Obstacle Clearance Areas

4. 4 4COSCAP NA Steering Committee The Essentials of RNAV RNP-What is it? RNAV: –A method of operation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids, or within the limits of capability of self- contained aids, or a combination of these. RNAV: –A method of operation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids, or within the limits of capability of self- contained aids, or a combination of these.

5. 5 5COSCAP NA Steering Committee The Essentials of RNAV RNP Concepts RNP (Required Navigation Performance): –RNAV operations with navigation containment and alerting 95% Containment Limit: 99.999% Actual Nav Perf (ANP) containment radius ANP <= 1X RNP continued operation RNP and ANP are displayed on FMC CDU Lateral boundary = 2 x RNP (airspace and obstacle clearance)

6. 6 6COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNAV RNP–A Tool to Improve Safety, Efficiency & Capacity Traffic congestion Routing design improvements to aid traffic flow Ground navaid based routes Route design flexibility from Latitude/Longitude based fixes Closer Arrival & Departure Multiple Arrival Posts Multiple Departure Gates Procedure Separation

7. 7 7COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNAV RNP Improves Safety for Approaches, Missed Approaches, and Departures Low RNP RNAV Provides Full Path Definition Low RNP RNAV Missed Approach Paths Low RNP RNAV Departure Paths Constant Descent Approaches Foundation for Performance-Based Airspace Operations

8. 8 8COSCAP NA Steering Committee PAI-Precision like approach implementation RNAV RNP Enhances Safety by Providing Stabilized Approaches

9. 9 9COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP Benefits – Safety Enhancement DA(H) As low as 250 ft above airport Note: Cat 1 ILS DA(H) is 200 ft above airport Flaps 30/40 Landing checklist complete Flight guidance to runway Autopilot to 50 ft Operations to lower minimums and lower visibility adds value to aircraft Gear down, Flaps 15 MDA Typically 400-2000 ft above airport Missed approach 0 - 3 miles FAF (5 to 7 miles from runway) No flight guidance Reconfigure to landing flaps Slow to final approach speed Maneuver to line up and establish descent rate Gear down, Flaps 15 Conventional Non-precision approach path Flight director guidance and autopilot reduce FTE and enhances safety Stabilized approach path enhances operational safety M

10. 10 10COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNAV RNP Provides a Tool to Improve Airspace Capacity and Reduce Separation POPP PLMN PWVG RNAV RNP Provides an Opportunity to Reduce Separation

11. 11 11COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP-RNAV REDUCES OPERATING COSTS New technology improves navigation containment More efficient routing –Lower trip fuel Reduced path length –Reduced fuel burn Lower Minima –Less diversions –Lower alternate fuel loads Stabilized Approaches –Less fuel burn on approach New technology improves navigation containment More efficient routing –Lower trip fuel Reduced path length –Reduced fuel burn Lower Minima –Less diversions –Lower alternate fuel loads Stabilized Approaches –Less fuel burn on approach

12. 12 12COSCAP NA Steering Committee AirplaneFuel savings Fuel savings* typegal/year/airplane$/year/airplane COST SAVINGS How Much Is a 1% Reduction In Fuel Burn Worth? 77770,000  90,000$70,000  90,000 76730,000  40,000$30,000  40,000 75725,000  35,000$25,000  35,000 747100,000  135,000$100,000  135,000 73715,000  25,000$15,000  25,000 *Assumes $1.00/gallon

13. 13 13COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNAV RNP Implementation Scope Regulatory Framework Airplane Element Airline Element Airspace Element Regulation Element Flight procedure Airport data GPS availability Procedure criteria Operation requirement Approval handbook Certified min RNP System integrity/alert Operation continuity Crew ops procedure Initial pilot training Application package Airline Flight Operation Airplane Capability Airspace Infrastructure RNP operations

14. 14 14COSCAP NA Steering Committee Operational Implementation Process Project Planning Define objectives & requirement Determine applicable regulations Collect airport geo data Procedure Design & Assessment Design RNP procedures Conduct simulator flight assessment On-site evaluation flight if required Operation Application Package Update Operations Specifications Revise manual/ checklist and training plan Review with the regulatory authority Operation Implementation & Validation Start flight crew initial training Conduct dispatching/operation training Perform operation validation flight Operational Approval Review & approve operation under VFR Oversight operation standardization Approve operation under IFR

15. 15 15COSCAP NA Steering Committee Europe USA RNP 10: N8400.12A BRNAV:AC90-96A RNP 4:N8400.XX RNP 2:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 10: NPA 20-8 BRNAV:AMC 20-4 RNP 2:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP< 0.3: N8000.287 AC20-DB RNP 2:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1:AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP< 0.3: N8000.287 AC20-DB PRNAV:TGL 10 RNAV: TGL XX RNP≤ 0.3:TGL XZ PRNAV:TGL 10 RNAV: TGL XX RNP< 0.3:TGL XZ Cat II/III:CS-AWO JAR-Ops1 Introduction to RNAV RNP--Regulatory Standards RNP.3 RNP.5 RNP1 RNP2 RNP4-12... RNP2 RNP1 RNP.5 FAF RNP.3 RNP.1 Cat I 200’ Cat II 100’ Landing Cat III Low Visibility Takeoff

16. 16 16COSCAP NA Steering Committee Introduction to Airplane Systems – Multi-sensors FMS

17. 17 17COSCAP NA Steering Committee ANP RNP Integrity RNP < 1 Accuracy RF Legs Fixed Radius Transition RNP Holding/Entry WGS-84 Manual, NDB RNP Display Resolution 737 U10 737 U5/6.2 737 U7.4/8.4 747-400 FANS1 757/757 PIP 757/767 Pegasus 757/767 200/700K 777 717, -901 MD90, -920 MD11, -911/912 MD10, -901 Parallel Offset RNAV RNP Capability Status of Production FMCs RNAV RNP Capability of the Fleet is Developing * List covers most significant new items but is not exhaustive Systems meeting Minimum Aviation System Performance Standard (MASPS) include: Meets MASPSPartially Meets MASPSDoes Not Meet MASPS

18. 18 18COSCAP NA Steering Committee Successful Story from Alaska Airlines Safety Enhancement Efficiency/Capacity Improvements – Schedule Integrity – Delay Reduction Noise Friendly Flight Paths Summary of Benefits Nov. 2002~March, 2003 Prevented Cancellation of Flights −Departure 42 −Arrival 152 −Total 192 Approximately $1 Million savings

19. 19 19COSCAP NA Steering Committee The 1st RNAV RNP Operation-- Juneau, Alaska Runway 8 IFR arrival: 1000+ feet and 2+ miles Runway 26 IFR arrival: none

20. 20 20COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP RW 8 Offset LDA Approach

21. 21 21COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP RW 8 RNP Approach

22. 22 22COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP RW 26 RNP Approach

23. 23 23COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP RW 26 RNP Approach

24. 24 24COSCAP NA Steering Committee RNP Juneau, RW 26 RNP Approach First Evaluation Test Flight

25. 25 25COSCAP NA Steering Committee CAAC RNAV RNP Lhasa Project Demonstrate RNAV RNP operation and the benefits on safety, airport accessibility and operational efficiency Establish CAAC RNAV RNP regulatory framework, operational approval process and inspectors capability Approve a Chinese airline operation at Lhasa airport with authorized aircraft and authorized flight crews −Elevation: 11,700 ft −High terrain −No radar vector −Unstable Nav signal −Mechanical turbulence −Lower cloud −Blowing dust in autumn and winter −High temperature : ISA+33

26. 26 26COSCAP NA Steering Committee Proposed RW 9 Approach

27. 27 27COSCAP NA Steering Committee Cost Benefits-Summary RNP / RNAV New technology to Improve navigation containment and alerting More efficient routing –Lower trip fuel Reduced path length –Reduced fuel burn Lower Minima –Less diversions –Lower alternate fuel loads Stabilized Approaches –Less fuel burn on approach –Less risk of CFIT RNP / RNAV New technology to Improve navigation containment and alerting More efficient routing –Lower trip fuel Reduced path length –Reduced fuel burn Lower Minima –Less diversions –Lower alternate fuel loads Stabilized Approaches –Less fuel burn on approach –Less risk of CFIT

28. 28 28COSCAP NA Steering Committee Safety Benefits-Summary RNAV RNP enhances safety by providing stabilized approaches Regulations, airplane equipage, infrastructure & procedures must all be in place to achieve the full safety & efficiency opportunities afforded by RNAV RNP The fleet is at different levels of RNAV RNP capability and operational mitigations may be required Boeing is committed to supporting the development of a global regulatory framework for RNAV RNP Boeing RNAV RNP Services offers tailored solutions to support airline operators and/or air traffic service providers RNAV RNP enhances safety by providing stabilized approaches Regulations, airplane equipage, infrastructure & procedures must all be in place to achieve the full safety & efficiency opportunities afforded by RNAV RNP The fleet is at different levels of RNAV RNP capability and operational mitigations may be required Boeing is committed to supporting the development of a global regulatory framework for RNAV RNP Boeing RNAV RNP Services offers tailored solutions to support airline operators and/or air traffic service providers

29. 29 29COSCAP NA Steering Committee All of the Pieces Must be in Place to Achieve the Full Potential of the RNAV RNP InfrastructureAirplane EquipageRegulations Safe & Efficient Operations xx Procedures x =

30. 30 30COSCAP NA Steering Committee Thank You !!