1. 12.1.09

2. Quiz, 7.1 1. Bloody Mary’s sister, _____________, was renowned for restoring Protestantism to England. 2. What is a Huguenot? 3. King Philip II inherited the Spanish kingdom from his father, _____________. 4. What was the Act of Supremacy? 5. Henry IV was originally a ___________, but became a ___________ to please the majority of France. 6. What was the point of the Edict of Nantes? 7. What was William the Silent’s major accomplishment? 8. What were the two reasons that the Spanish Armada was defeated by the British?

3. 1. Copy down the homework: read and outline pages 225 – 227. 2. Pros and cons of torture… is torture an effective way to get information out of someone? 3. Outline 7.2 together!

4. 7.2 – Social Crises, War and Revolution I. Crisis in Europe  Economic and Social Crises  inflation = rising prices  Economy tanks  Spain depended on silver from Americas – starts to run out.  Artisans (muslim and jewish workers) move  Pirates steal silver  Population declines: warfare and plague

5.  The Witchcraft Trials  16-17 th centuries, caused by plague and religious zeal  Hysteria (fear) of witchcraft spread  Most “witches” = women  Government get stronger and hysteria declined in mid-1600s

7. II. The Thirty Years’ War  Causes of the War  Religious: 1618 Catholics versus Protestants, Peace of Augsburg did not recognize Calvinism  Political: countries struggle for power  Effects of War  Peace of Westphalia – established modern state system 1648, got rid of Holy Roman Empire

8. Europe post-Peace of Westphalia… welcome to the modern state system!

9. III. Revolutions in England  The Stuarts and Divine Right  James I = first Stuart king, believes in divine right: received power from God  Parliament was annoyed by James – thought king should work WITH parliament  Religious problems: Puritans do not like Church of England  Charles I: James’ son  Parliament passes Petition of Right

10. James I – first Stuart king

11.  Civil War and Commonwealth  1642  Cavaliers (Royalists) versus Roundheads  ?

12. Oliver Cromwell King Charles I