1. Outline I.Woman Suffrage in Texas to 1914 II.Prohibition in Texas to 1914 III.James Ferguson as Governor, 1914-17 IV.Victory for Suffrage & Prohibition

2. Woman Suffrage TX women = no voting rights since the Republic Many TX women joined growing nat’l movement for the vote (many also refused)

3. Minnie Fisher Cunningham Galveston pharmacist who headed the TX Equal Suffrage Association Publicity through writings, speeches, public rallies & political lobbying

4. Prohibition Effort to criminalize sale & manufacture of alcohol Until 1919, “local option” in effect -- each town/county determined local alcohol rules

5. “Drys”  Supporters of Prohibition:  Rural folk in North & Central TX, mostly on religious grounds  Doctors who regarded alcohol as unhealthy  Businessmen who wanted sober workers

6. “Wets” Opponents of Prohibition:  most Germans, Czechs, & Hispanics  Anglos disagreeing w/ gov’t power over personal behavior By 1914, wets barely kept voters from approving a state constit. amendment banning liquor

7. James Ferguson (I) Opposed Prohibition + woman suffrage Elected gov. in 1914 by splitting the dry vote: Supported aid for rural schools + limit on tenant farmer rents

8. James Ferguson (II) Re-elected in 1916; involved in fight w/ UT during 2 nd term Wanted to cut UT funding, remove some faculty & appoint a new UT president

9. James Ferguson (III) UT alumni joined other Ferguson opponents to investigate the gov. Some evidence found: misuse of state funds + illegal gifts received Move to impeach

10. James Ferguson (IV) TX House of Reps. impeached Ferguson Resigned, but the TX Senate convicted him anyway Barred from ever holding a state office

11. William Hobby New gov.; Houston newspaper man Supported Prohibition & woman suffrage TX Legis. + majority of Texans voted for statewide Prohibition amendment (1919)

12. Morris Sheppard US Senator from Texas Sponsored the 18 th Amendment establishing nationwide Prohibition Ratified in 1919; in effect until repealed in 1933

13. Passage of Woman Suffrage (I) Hobby signed state law allowing women to vote in primaries He wanted a state amendment allowing full suffrage Rejected in 1919 vote

14. Passage of Woman Suffrage (II) TX. Legislature was 1 st in South to ratify a fed. suffrage amendment 19 th Amendment ratified (1920) banned states from denying vote based on gender