1. How to pass the usmle
by Dr. Adrienne Hicks

2. Subjects to Study Cardiology Pulmonology Renal Gastrointestinal
Endocrine
Reproductive
Neurology
Musculoskeletal
Psychiatry
Pediatrics
Surgery
Emergency
Hematology
Oncology
Biochemistry
Genetics
Microbiology
Immunology

3. Cardiology topics Heart Structure Heart Function Heart Sounds/ Murmurs
Blood supply to/from heart
Congenital Anomalies
Hypertension
Types of Angina
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Types of Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
Cardiac Drugs

4. Types of Cardiomyopathy
1. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
3. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

5. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Enlarged heart with overextended heart chambers filled with blood
Causes a heart murmur (S3)
Systolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time contracting (pumping out blood)

6. Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Alcohol
Beri Beri Disease
Chaga’s Disease (bitten by Reduviid bug)
Cocaine
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

7. Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
ACE-Inhibitors (Captopril)
Diuretics (Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide)
Digoxin

8. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Enlarged left ventricular muscle surrounding left ventricle decreasing chamber size
Causes heart murmur (S4)
Diastolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time filling with blood
Variant called Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis (IHSS) with enlarged intra- ventricular septum

9. Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Aortic Stenosis
Athletes
Hereditary (IHSS)

10. Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B-blockers (Propanolol)
Calcium-channel blockers (Verapamil)

11. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Enlarged heart with thick chamber walls because heart contains deposits within wall structure
Causes heart murmur (S4)
Diastolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time filling with blood

12. Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hemochromatosis (Iron deposits)
Sarcodosis (non-caseating granulomatous deposits)

13. Treatment of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Treat underlying disease (Deferoxamine for Iron Overload or Prednisone for Sarcodosis)
B-blockers (Propanolol)
Calcium-channel blockers (Verapamil)