1. What you will learn today... Vision is a complicated process, and we can use several tests to measure the proper function

2. What you will do today… Conduct the tests used to evaluate visual acuity, astigmatism, the ability to accommodate for close vision, and color vision Describe four conditions that can lead to defective vision Demonstrate the blind spot, photopupillary reflex, and convergence reflex

3. Sight Lab

4. CowCow Eye Dissection Dissect a cow eye to observe the major structures of sight

5. VisualVisual Acuity Use a Snellen Chart to determine your acuity 20/20 vision is normal Example: If you have 10/20 vision, you have worse than average vision. You must be 10 feet away to see what the average person can see at 20 feet. 30/20 vision is better than average.

6. Astigmatism Test Astigmatism is a condition where some parts of an image are sharply focused, while other parts are blurred It can be diagnosed using an astigmatism chart

7. Accommodation Test Measure the shortest distance at which the eye can see an object clearly, moving toward the eyeball

8. ColorColor Vision Test Use the Isihara Test to determine any color blindness

9. Blind Spot Demonstration Blind spot: the area on the retina where the optic nerve and blood vessels enter and leave the retina, thus there is no visual reception

10. Pupillary Reflexes Shine a light into the eye and measure the pupil Measure the size of pupil when focusing on objects at different distances

11. Negative After-Images: Complementary Colors Look at a very bright scene or color and then look at a white surface. Record your observations

12. Binocular Vision and Space Perception Observe how objects look differently with one eye closed

13. References http://www.developertutorials.com/images/articles/jo ngos/reflectiveeye/1369517153_5d1f4c562a.jpg http://www.developertutorials.com/images/articles/jo ngos/reflectiveeye/1369517153_5d1f4c562a.jpg http://apps.uwhealth.org/adam/graphics/images/en/ 10184.jpg http://apps.uwhealth.org/adam/graphics/images/en/ 10184.jpg http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/WebLessons/ MeasuringTools/METRIC_RULER2.gif http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/WebLessons/ MeasuringTools/METRIC_RULER2.gif http://benskerrett.com/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/binocular-vision.jpg http://benskerrett.com/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/binocular-vision.jpg http://serviceworksconsulting.com/blind_spot/a_blind _spot.gif http://serviceworksconsulting.com/blind_spot/a_blind _spot.gif http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/terminal-q/dice.gif

14. References http://www.optivision2020.com/image-files/snellen-chart.jpg http://www.artemis-uk.org/Figures/1919_eclipse_negative.jpg http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/gardimg/07238f01a.j pg http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/gardimg/07238f01a.j pg http://www.colblindor.com/wp-content/images/ishihara- transformation.jpg http://www.colblindor.com/wp-content/images/ishihara- transformation.jpg http://district.bluegrass.kctcs.edu/billd.snyder/sharedfiles/biowe bsite/BiologyLabs/BIO137/137Lab10/Lab10Images/CowEyeCoro nal-label.jpg http://district.bluegrass.kctcs.edu/billd.snyder/sharedfiles/biowe bsite/BiologyLabs/BIO137/137Lab10/Lab10Images/CowEyeCoro nal-label.jpg http://www.logosoftwear.com/embroideryclipart/Needle%20&% 20Thread.PST844.gif http://www.logosoftwear.com/embroideryclipart/Needle%20&% 20Thread.PST844.gif