1. Hardy Weinberg Equation

2. Important Definitions What is a gene pool? What is an allele? What is a Punnett Square Describe heterozygous, homozygous recessive, an homozygous dominant

3. Hardy Weinberg Equation The biological sciences now generally define evolution the change in allele frequency in the gene pool over time. http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/tutorials/Flash/life4e_15-6-OSU.swf

4. For instance, let us assume that there is a trait that is determined by the inheritance of a gene with two alleles--B and b (Complete dominance). If the parent generation has 92% B and 8% b and their offspring collectively have 90% B and 10% b, evolution has occurred between the generations. Hardy Weinberg Equation

5. Godfrey Hardy (1877-1947) Wilhelm Weinberg (1862-1937) Hardy Weinberg Equation

6. Hardy, Weinberg, and the population geneticists who followed them came to understand that evolution will not occur in a population if seven conditions are met: 1. mutation is not occurringmutation 2. natural selection is not occurringnatural selection 3. the population is infinitely large 4. all members of the population breed 5. all mating is totally randomrandom 6. everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. there is no migration in or out of the population Hardy Weinberg Equation

7. p + q = 1 p = freq. dominant allele (A) q = freq. recessive allele (a) p² + 2pq + q²= 1 and p + q=1 p² = freq. homozygous dominant (AA) 2pq = freq. Heterozygous (Aa) q² = freq. homozygous recessive (aa) Hardy Weinberg Equation