1. 11 CHAPTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU

2. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-2 Lecture Objectives Introducing Information Systems Five parts of an information system People Procedure Details about Software Component Software Classification Application Vs System Software Hardware Software Data

3. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-3 2. Procedures Procedures are the guidelines related with Information System operations/ usage/ development. Procedures are meant for educating Information Systems related people (all classes) for their concerned activities. Some examples could be Usage Instructions for Students/ Faculty Members to make use of a University Registration System Software Documentation Kit for Programmers to make modification in the relevant program.

4. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-4 3. Hardware Hardware includes all the physical devices and materials used in implementing an information processing cycle Equipment that processes the data Controlled by software

5. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-5 …Hardware The following could be considered: Computers Calculators Paper Sheets/ Pens/ desks Computer Terminals/ Printers/ Keyboard Magnetic disk media/ CD ROM disks etc. Devices needed for communication (modems/ telephones/ network cables/ network cards etc.)

6. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-6 Hardware Usage: Real Life Examples Use of PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Computer in Police Patrolling Different types of mice used with computers Video Clip: PDA on Patrol Video Clip: Mouse Alternatives

7. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-7 4. Software Software means set of instructions Needed to convert data into information. Directs the computer to do the data to information conversion. Used in concerned computers in an IS environment. Examples: Computer Programs (in a computer based IS) Formula/ computational details used in a company by the relevant staff (in a non-computer based IS environment)

8. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-8 …Software In computer based IS, two major kinds of software System Software Application Software In a Payroll IS Environment, the program under use of payroll staff on their personal computers. Student Registration Web Site used by faculty, students (end-users) to perform registration activities.

9. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-9 5. Data Data could be Unprocessed – needs to be worked upon Processed – processing result (also called information) Storage media is needed to record data (papers, magnetic tapes/ disks, CDs etc.) On electronic media, data is saved as files.

10. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-10 …Data Four common file types are Document files – mainly alpha-numeric data Worksheet files – mainly mathematical sheets Database files – environment data in an structured/ organized way Presentation files – mainly pictures/ effects.

11. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-11 Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet Connectivity Sharing of information Wireless communication is becoming popular Computer networks Connected communication system of computers Largest network is the Internet

12. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-12 Details About Software Component

13. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-13 Computer Software Details Computers need instructions to do their jobs. For every single job, a set of instructions (program) needs to be loaded into computer’s main memory (RAM). After program comes into memory, processor starts running it. For example: For writing documents, a word processing program like Microsoft Word (MS Word) should be in the memory before. After MS Word is loaded, processor starts reading its instruction and implementing them (running the program). MS Word is an interactive program i.e. always waiting for the next user move and then instructs the processor accordingly.

14. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-14 Software Classification Programs are broadly classified on the basis of their “Relevance with the End User Application”. Two classes could be identified Application Software Directly implements the end-user related activities. System Software Makes computer hardware accessible to the application programs. Directs (commands) every connected device for its functionality on behalf of the running application programs.

15. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-15 Application Software Directly satisfies user needs. Has a direct contact with the user. Operating on the input data to perform a given job. Examples: A report maker application for preparing reports for Management. An Air line reservation application for adding\ deleting customers in a computer database. A payroll application for printing employee salary bills.

16. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-16 Examples of Application Software A user writing a document A user playing a game A clerk working on a report application

17. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-17 Computer Based Training for Application Software CBT are multimedia based tutorials written to train users in the area of some application program NETg is a popular CBT provider for a huge number of application software platforms Available to KFUPM communities at http://learn.kfupm.edu.sa

18. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-18 Details of NETg at KFUPM Available through Information Tech. Center (ITC) at KFUPM Details can be read at http://www.kfupm.edu.sa/itchttp://www.kfupm.edu.sa/itc

19. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-19 … Details of NETg at KFUPM Requires username/ password to be entered Provides the user with: A variety of CBT courses on different application software platforms A facility to keep track of the user’s training progress done on the Netg web-site

20. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-20 Example: Running Excel 2000 Course

21. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-21 Grading Strategy About NetG Instructor would like to ensure that every student in the class is using the NETg facility In doing so, the activity can be quantified using: Quiz questions which directly relates to the slides of NETg course During the lab’s grading part, any student could be asked about showing a specific software activity [say, copying formula in Microsoft Excel] on the relevant NETg course

22. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-22 Web Based Applications Access to applications stored on web sites Application service providers (ASP) Special sites Allows access to Web-based applications More info: http://www.mhhe.com/oleary/CE05http://www.mhhe.com/oleary/CE05 Advantage: No more software upgrades on Hard disks are needed Disadvantage: Privacy of data is doubtful http://www.WebOS.com

23. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-23 How Web Based App Works? Steps followed during a Web Based App access session. Flash Animation: Web Based Apps

24. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-24 A Look to the Future Web-Based Application Software Use the Web to connect to an application service provider No programs to install Allows for a simpler and cheaper computing system