1. CBM at FAIR Walter F.J. Müller, GSI, Darmstadt for the CBM collaboration 5 th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark Gluon Plasma, Kolkata, India, 8-12 February 2005 New challenges for Front-End Electronics, Data Acquisition and Trigger Systems

2. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 2 Outline CBM (a short reminder)  observables  setup FEE/DAQ/Trigger  requirements  challenges  strategies

3. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 3 CBM Physics Topics and Observables In-medium modifications of hadrons  onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high ρ B  measure: , ,   e + e - open charm (D 0, D ± ) Strangeness in matter  enhanced strangeness production  measure: K, , , ,  Indications for deconfinement at high ρ B  anomalous charmonium suppression ?  measure: D 0, D ± J/   e + e - Critical point  event-by-event fluctuations  measure: π, K Good e/π separation Low cross sections → High interaction rates Hadron identification Vertex detector

4. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 4 CBM Setup  Radiation hard Silicon pixel/strip detectors in a magnetic dipole field  Electron detectors: RICH & TRD & ECAL: pion suppression up to 10 5  Hadron identification: RPC, RICH  Measurement of photons, π 0, η, and muons: ECAL

5. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 5 Meson Production in central Au+Au SIS100/ 300 W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 745 10 MHz interaction rate needed for 10-15 A GeV

6. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 6 Open Charm Detection Some hadronic decay modes D 0 (c  = 124.4  m): D 0  K -  + (3.9  0.09%) D  (c  = 317  m): D +  K -  +  + (9  0.6%) Au+Au @ 25 AGeV – D 0 decays Measure displaced vertex with resolution of 100 μm

7. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 7 A Typical Au+Au Collision Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV: URQMD + GEANT4 160 p 170 n 360  - 330  + 360  0 41 K + 13 K - 42 K 0  10 7 Au+Au interactions/sec (up to 10 9 ions/sec, 1% target)  high particle flux and fluence in detectors  selective triggers needed

8. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 8 Detector Requirements Hit rates for 10 7 minimum bias Au+Au collisions at 25 AGeV: Rates of > 10 kHz/cm 2 in large part of detectors !  main thrust of our detector design studies  typical detector element count rate: ~ 100 kHz

9. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 9 Trigger Requirements In-medium modifications of hadrons  onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high ρ B  measure: , ,   e + e - open charm (D 0, D ± ) Strangeness in matter  enhanced strangeness production  measure: K, , , ,  Indications for deconfinement at high ρ B  anomalous charmonium suppression ?  measure: D 0, D ± - J/   e + e Critical point  event-by-event fluctuations  measure: π, K offline assume archive rate: few GB/sec 20 kevents/sec offline trigger trigger on high p t e + - e - pair trigger on displaced vertex drives FEE/DAQ architecture

10. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 10 CBM DAQ Requirements Profile D and J/Ψ signal drives the rate capability requirements D signal drives FEE and DAQ/Trigger requirements  Problem similar to B detection, see BTeV, LHCb  Adopted approach: displaced vertex 'trigger' in first level, like in BTeV  Additional Problem: DC beam → interactions at random times → time stamps with ns precision needed → explicit event association needed Current design for FEE and DAQ/Trigger:  Self-triggered FEE  Data-push architecture

11. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 11 Conventional FEE-DAQ-Trigger Layout Detector Cave Shack FEE Buffer L2 Trigger L1 Trigger DAQ L1 Accept L0 Trigger f bunch Archive Trigger Primitives Especially instrumented detectors Dedicated connections Specialized trigger hardware Limited capacity Limited L1 trigger latency Modest bandwidth Standard hardware

12. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 12 Limits of Conventional Architecture Decision time for first level trigger limited. typ. max. latency 4 μs for LHC Only especially instrumented detectors can contribute to first level trigger Large variety of very specific trigger hardware Not suitable for complex global triggers like secondary vertex search Limits future trigger development High development cost

13. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 13 L1 Trigger Special hardware High bandwidth The way out.. use Data Push Architecture Detector Cave Shack FEE Buffer L2 Trigger L1 Trigger DAQ L1 Accept L0 Trigger f bunch Archive Trigger Primitives Especially instrumented detectors Dedicated connections Specialized trigger hardware Limited capacity Limited L1 trigger latency Modest bandwidth Standard hardware f clock L2 Trigger Time distribution

14. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 14 L1 Trigger Special hardware High bandwidth The way out... use Data Push Architecture Detector Cave Shack FEE DAQ Archive f clock L2 Trigger

15. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 15 L1 Select Special hardware High bandwidth The way out... use Data Push Architecture Detector Cave Shack FEE DAQ Archive f clock L2 Select Self-triggered front-end Autonomous hit detection No dedicated trigger connectivity All detectors can contribute to L1 Large buffer depth available System is throughput-limited and not latency-limited Modular design: Few multi-purpose rather many special-purpose modules

16. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 16 Toward Multi-Purpose FEE Chain PreAmp pre Filter ADC Hit Finder Hit Finder digital Filter digital Filter Backend & Driver Backend & Driver Pad GEM's PMT APD's Anti- Aliasing Filter Sample rate: 10-100 MHz Dyn. range: 8...12 bit 'Shaping' 1/t Tail cancellation Baseline restorer Hit parameter estimators: Amplitude Time Clustering Buffering Link protocol All potentially in one mixed-signal chip

17. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 17 CBM DAQ and Online Event Selection Data flow: ~ 1 TB/sec 1 st level selection: ~ 10 15 operation/sec Data flow: few 10 GB/sec to archive: few 1 GB/sec Moore helps Gilder helps

18. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 18 L1 Event Selection Farm Layout Use programmable logic for cores of algorithms Use high-speed SoC processors (look beyond PC's) Use serial connection fabric (links and switches) Modular design (only few board types)

19. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 19 CPU and FPGA: Destined to Merge Example Stretch S5xxx  at first glance looks like yet another CPU with a SIMD extension, like MMX The innovation:  configurable instruction set  compiler generates new instructions and the code which uses them

20. 8-12 February 2005 ICPAQGP-05, Kolkata, Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 20 CBM FEE/DAQ Summary Self-triggered FEE:  autonomous hit detection, time-stamping with ns presision  sparsification, hit buffering, high output bandwidth High bandwidth event building network  to cope with few 100 MHz interaction rate in p-p, p-A  likely be done in time slices or event slices L1 processor farm  feasible with PC + FPGA + Moore (needed 2014)  but look beyond todays PC's Efficient algorithms (10 9 tracks/sec) Quite different from the current LHC style electronics Substantial R&D needed Part of an EU FP6 project, together with PANDA and COMPASS This is FutureDAQ

21. CBM Collaboration : 39+ institutions, 14+ countries China: Hua-Zhong Univ., Wuhan Croatia: RBI, Zagreb Cyprus: Nikosia Univ. Czech Republic: Czech Acad. Science, Rez Techn. Univ. Prague France: IReS Strasbourg Germany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst. Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. Frankfurt Univ. Kaiserslautern Univ. Mannheim Univ. Marburg Univ. Münster FZ Rossendorf GSI Darmstadt Russia: CKBM, St. Petersburg IHEP Protvino INR Troitzk ITEP Moscow KRI, St. Petersburg Kurchatov Inst., Moscow LHE, JINR Dubna LPP, JINR Dubna LIT, JINR Dubna LTP, JINR Dubna MEPhi, Moskau Obninsk State Univ. PNPI Gatchina SINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U. Spain: Santiago de Compostela Uni. Ukraine: Shevshenko Univ., Kiev Hungaria: KFKI Budapest Eötvös Univ. Budapest Korea: Korea Univ. Seoul Pusan National Univ. Norway: Univ. Bergen Poland: Krakow Univ. Warsaw Univ. Silesia Univ. Katowice Portugal: LIP Coimbra Romania: NIPNE Bucharest membership applications in italic