1. The Second Noble Truth Samudaya

2. Craving is one of the key causes of tanha (thirst) and there are various types of tanha

3. Tanha (thirst) as the cause of suffering is taught in the Second Noble Truth

4. Tanha is the critical link on the chain of conditioned origination or paticcasamuppada

6. 1.Craving for sensual pleasures 2. Craving for existence 3. Craving for non - existence

7. 1.Craving for sensual pleasures:- This refers to being driven and motivated by sense desire rather than knowledge and understanding of the true nature and purpose of life

8. This leads to a life of hedonism or endless pleasure seeking which is never satisfied even though temporary pleasure may be experienced. This soon gives rise to increased desire which, when it cannot be fulfilled leads to dukkha!

9. 2. Craving for existence:- This is the drive for self protection and ego enhancement and the wish to live forever experiencing countless rebirths.

10. We assume there is immortality and eternal life and because this type of tanha refers to a belief in a permanent soul it will lead to dukkha as this is just not Buddhist!

11. 3. Craving for non - existence:- This is the drive to get rid of or turn away from anything we don’t like or find unpleasant! In extreme cases it could lead to suicide

12. Sometimes this is seen as an annihilationist outlook, i.e. that death is the end and there is little purpose in life. Clearly this leads to dukkha!

13. “ I do not see monks, any other fetter being bound to incessant rebirths than the fetter of craving” The Buddha

14. ‘In a world where everything is always changing, in a world of shifting and unstable conditions craving of whatever kind will never be able to hold onto the things it craves. This is the origin of suffering’. Guethin

15. From a craving for something, grasping arises, then clinging etc. From the Buddhist perspective, this form of craving will lead to suffering as it is rooted in akusala

17.  Ignorance is the first link on the chain of causation but not necessarily the first cause No cause exists independent of another cause

18.  It is difficult to pinpoint the beginning of ignorance However……according to Buddhist beliefs expounded in the 2 nd Noble Truth, we can put an end to ignorance and rebirth

19.  We wrongly identify and categorise things because of our ignorance e.g. a personal self. We then demand things that boost this misconception

20.  Ignorance conditions our volitional acts and they reinforce our ignorance – it’s a vicious circle !!!!

21.  In other words – if an evil act done under the influence or our desires and false beliefs happens, al, it does is reinforce our false beliefs and makes it even harder to dislodge them!

22.  So…what do we do? Answer – we try to justify our evil act, inventing superficial reasons for our conduct and we cling on to the false idea which caused the evil act in the first place!

23.  We set in motion the WHEEL OF LIFE so we never rise above SAMSARA and the evil act in the first place!