1. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENT

2. ROADMAP Introduction Components Trade barriers Objectives Of Trade barriers Tariff barriers Non-tariff barriers General Agreement on GATT TRIPs WTO Impacts of WTO TRIMs GATS UNCTAD

3. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International Environment is a very important determinant of the business strategy. The factors, which constitute international business environment, can be classified as:  Endogenous Factors  Exogenous Factors

4. COMPONENTS OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Social and Cultural Environment Technological Environment Economic Environment Political Environment International Environment Legal Environment Ecological Environment

5. TRADE BARRIERS Trade barriers are the artificial restrictions imposed by the governments on free flow of goods and services between countries.

6. CONTINUE… Tariffs, quotas, taxes, duties, foreign exchange restrictions, trade agreements and trading blocs are the techniques used for restricting free movement of goods from one country to the other Trade barriers are broadly classified into following two categories:  Tariff barriers or Fiscal controls  Non-tariff barriers or quantitative restrictions.

7. OBJECTIVES OF TRADE BARRIERS To Protect Home Industries from Foreign Competition To Promote New Industries and Research and Development To Conserve Foreign Exchange Reserves To Maintain Favorable Balance of Payments To Protect Economy for Dumping To Curb Conspicuous Consumption

8. CONTINUE… To Make Economy Self-reliant To Mobilize Public Revenue To Counteract Trade Barriers Imposed by Other Countries

9. TARIFF BARRIERS Meaning Types Objectives Nature Effectivity Revenue Popularity

10. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS Meaning Types Objectives Nature Effectivity Revenue Popularity

11. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE[GATT] GATT was formed in 1948 The Primary objective of GATT is to expand international trade by liberalizing trade so as to bring about all- round economic prosperity.

12. The preamble of the GATT mentions the following as its important objectives:  Raising the standard of living  Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand.  Better utilisation of the resources of the world.  Expansion of production of goods and services and international trade.

13. TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF ONTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS [TRIPs] TRIPs agreement sets out the minimum standards of protection to be adopted by the seven areas of intellectual property rights, viz, copy rights, trade marks, geographical indications, industrial designs,patents,layout designs of integrated circuits and trade secrets. A transition period five years has been given to all developing countries to give effect to the provisions of the TRIPs Agreement.

14. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1947.

15. CONTINUE… The World Trade Organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliament.

16. IMPACTS OF WTO POSITIVE IMPACT  Growth in Merchandise Trade  Growth in Export of Services  Growth of Foreign Direct Investment [FDI]  Textiles and Clothing  Agricultural Sector  Multilateral Rules and Disciplines

17. NEGATIVE IMPACT  Adverse Impact of TRIPs on the Indian Economy  Adverse Impact on Indian agricultural  Hike in the Prices of Drugs  Research in Bio-diversity and Micro Organisms  Service Industry

18. TRADE RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES [TRIMs] In the late 1980s Agreed upon by all members of the World Trade Organizationmembers World Trade Organization Are rules that restrict preference of domestic firms and thereby enable international firms to operate more easily within foreign markets.

19. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES [GATS] a treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that entered into force in January 1995treatyWorld Trade Organization It was created to extend the multilateral trading system to service sectorservice sector the overall goal of the GATS is to remove barriers to trade.

20. UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT [UNCTAD] It was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body having 193 members Its the principal organ of United Nations General Assembly deals with trade, investment, and development issues.United Nations General Assembly

21. CONTINUE… It has provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic development The primary objective of the UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology

22. CREDITS Sabiha Moiyadi- 32 Sneha Parwal- 37 Siddhesh Raut- 42 Anshul Singh- 50 Farheen Valiulla- 57