1. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 BELGIUM UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal Geneva 5 - 7 April 2004

2. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Addressed Risks First –Radioprotection – exposure of the population –Industrial damage-interests, customers –Also potential security issues

3. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Legal Framework ONDRAF/NIRAS Responsible for all radioactive waste (RW) on Belgian territory –Qualification of installations for treatment and conditioning of RW –Establishment of acceptance criteria for conditioned and unconditioned RW –Specific decommissioning missions –Study of disposal solutions for enriched fissile material FANC Authorisation of any activity using ionising radiation –Safety criteria definition –Control of conformity –Inspections (with AVN) –Radioprotection –RW evacuation, transport, releases, clearance –RW producers required to register to ONDRAF/NIRAS

4. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004

5. Safety Authorities The Federal Agency for Nuclear Control is created, and operational since 20 July 2001. It has enlarged competencies and autonomy. It regroups different bodies which were previously in charge of regulatory activities.

6. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Main legal and organisational changes Legal Organisation Law of March 1958 Royal Decree of February 1963 SPRI Ministry of Public Health SSTIN Ministry of Labour Past Present Law of April 1994 Royal Decree of July 2001 Encompass all activities related to ionising radiations Federal Agency for Nuclear Control FANC Independant body

7. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Agency : Legal Missions (cont) Article 15 To perform all useful investigations required: To define all the operating clauses. To study the safety and security relative to the establishments where ionising radiation is used.

8. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Agency : Legal Missions (cont) It includes : Surveillance, Controls, Inspections, Radioprotection, Training and information, Contacts with the Authorities and national organisations concerned, Interventions in case of emergency. Article 15 (cont.)

9. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 The place of EURATOM Supranational structure – specific fields Provisions transposed in national legal framework according to chapter III –radioprotection-, [and also chapter VII –safeguards- ] –Article 37 related to project of radioactive release. –Directive 96/29 Basic safety standards (radioprotection) –Directive 92/3 RW shipments and regulation 1493/93 –Directive on the control of high activity sealed radioactive sources (to be implemented on 31 December 2005).

10. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Solid RW evacuation, recycling, reuse Authorisation from FANC required based on : –Impact study –Alternative scenarios (including decay on site) –Description of procedures and techniques –Traceability –Activity and volume kept as low as reasonably achievable –Radioprotection criteria

11. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 What does happen if Radioactive Material leave the tracks? (1) Causes: orphan sources (not often), medical waste (short life), industrial waste (NORM), Ores, lightning rods. Places: metal scrap yard, recycling installations, waste storage, incinerators. Detection: Monitors (portals), largely used although not mandatory unless for waste storage places (Wallonie). FANC develops in consultation with stakeholders procedures, already available, to be followed in case of detection of RM. –Detection advices (triggering levels, calibration…)

12. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 What does happen if Radioactive Material leave the tracks? (2) –Procedure to isolate the RM if dose rate is < 2  Sv/h. –Call FANC and inspection body if dose rate is > 5  Sv/h. –Procedure to characterize the RM if dose rate is > 2  Sv/h and dose rate is < 5  Sv/h. –Criteria to manage the RW and to send to ONDRAF/NIRAS

13. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Responsibilities and Financing “Polluter-pays” principle Identification of responsibilities sometimes difficult Once detected RM must be immobilized and managed (no return before consultation and agreement of concerned authorities, national management framework are examined before sending back orphan sources). Financing on a case by case base.

14. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Future steps Implementation of Directive on the control of HASS –Better traceability, –Reinforced protection provisions for the use of high activity sealed sources –Financing mechanisms for the recovery of orphan sources. Futher develop protocols and conventions with industries and involved sectors.

15. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Article 9 Orphan sources 1. Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities are prepared, or have made provision, including assignment of responsibilities, to recover orphan sources and to deal with radiological emergencies due to orphan sources and have drawn up appropriate response plans and measures. 2. Member States shall ensure that specialised technical advice and assistance is promptly made available to the persons, not normally involved in operations subject to radiation protection requirements, who suspect the presence of an orphan source. The primary aim of advice and assistance shall be the protection of workers and members of the public from radiation and the safety of the source. 3. Member States shall encourage the establishment of systems aimed at detecting orphan sources in places such as large metal scrap yards and major metal scrap recycling installations where orphan sources may generally be encountered, or at significant nodal transit points, wherever appropriate, such as customs posts. 4. Member States shall ensure that campaigns are organised, as appropriate, to recover orphan sources left behind from past activities. The campaigns may include the financial participation of Member States in the costs of recovering, managing and disposing of the sources and may also include surveys of historical records of authorities, such as customs, and of holders, such as research institutes, material testing institutes or hospitals.

16. UNECE Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap Metal. Geneva 5-7 April 2004 Article 10 Financial security for orphan sources Member States shall ensure that, on the basis of arrangements to be decided by Member States, a system of financial security is established or any other equivalent means to cover intervention costs relating to the recovery of orphan sources and which may result from implementation of the requirements set out in Article 9. Article 11 International cooperation and information exchange Each Member State shall promptly exchange information and cooperate with other relevant Member States or third countries and with relevant international organisations as regards loss, removal, theft or discovery of sources and as regards related follow-up or investigations, without prejudice to relevant confidentiality requirements and relevant national regulations.