1. CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick.

2. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 2 Teaching Staff Professor Dan Ernst –Office Hours: Wednesday 1:00pm – 3:00pm Thursday 9:30am – 11:30am … or by appointment –Phillips 139 –ernstdj@uwec.eduernstdj@uwec.edu

3. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 3 Goals of the course To understand how computer systems are organized –Instruction set architecture –Processor microarchitecture –Systems architecture To gain skill in evaluating these systems for the purposes of: –making intelligent design decisions –making intelligent programming decisions *new* –making smart purchasing decisions –whatever other purposes you put it to

4. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 4 Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum? Software view –CS 145  245  255 –Turning specs into high level language Hardware view –CS 278 (optional) –electricity  transistors  gates  functional units CS 352 Builds on both of these –How do we take high-level language and actually compute it? –How do we build a computing device? (based on digital logic?) Prereqs: CS 255 ( Discrete Structures & Algorithms – Java )

5. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 5 Grading in 352 Assignments (40% total) –3 programming assignments – C++ Purpose is not to teach you how to program –Design project and paper (These are somewhat subject to change!) Three exams (40% total) –2 midterms + 1 final –Final exam is at least marginally comprehensive In-class activities/Quizzes ( ~8 -10 – 20% total) Attendance not directly counted towards grade –If you’re not here, you’re still responsible for what comes out of my mouth

6. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 6

7. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 7 A picture is worth 1000 words… (or a billion transistors)

8. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 8 Managing Complexity with Abstraction Designers deal with the extreme complexity of microprocessors by using abstraction. –Focus only on 1-2 levels of abstraction at a time –Similar to OOD Don’t need to know how the module works, just that it does work. –And the interface

9. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 9 Be Disciplined with Abstraction Just having abstraction isn’t enough, we need to use it When designing (HW or SW), take advantage of abstraction by using the properties of: – Hierarchy – Break designs down to manageable pieces – Modularity – Keep your pieces self-contained with well-defined interfaces – Regularity – Make modules “standardized”, and therefore reusable

10. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 10 Levels of Abstraction in a Computer System Apps O/S Arch  Arch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics software hardware Applications – Generic Software Operating System – Controlling Software Architecture – HW/SW Interface  architecture – High-level organization Digital Logic – Building-block Modules Digital Circuits – Continuous  Discrete Analog Circuits – Fun with Electricity Devices – Transistors, Capacitors, etc. Physical Properties – Electrons, Ions, etc.

11. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 11 What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20 th century? (ABC News poll, 1999) Top responses % Computers 30 Automobile 12 Electricity 9 Television 9 Telephone/Telecommunications 7 Airplane 4 Medicines/Vaccinations 4 ???

12. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 12 Computer Pre-history Charles Babbage Analytical Engine Started in 1834 –Worked on until his death in 1871 –Never Finished No Hertz Rating Driven by a steam engine As designed, was Turing-complete Heinrich Hertz 1857-1894 As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.

13. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 13 What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20 th century? (ABC News poll, 1999) Top responses % Computers 30 Automobile 12 Electricity 9 Television 9 Telephone/Telecommunications 7 Airplane 4 Medicines/Vaccinations 4 “The transistor; without it, the XBOX would probably be the size of a city.” - nate66, some xbox forum ???

14. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 14 Introduction of Microelectronics Miniaturization of immense proportions Transistor: This is an abbreviated combination of the words "transconductance" or "transfer", and "varistor". The device logically belongs in the varistor family, and has the transconductance or transfer impedance of a device having gain, so that this combination is descriptive.transconductancevaristor — Bell Telephone Laboratories — Technical Memorandum (May 28, 1948) Integrated Circuit: Miniaturized electronic circuit manufactured in a thin layer of semiconductor material.

15. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 15 Moore’s Law

16. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 16 The Power of Miniaturization EDSAC 1 (1949) ~ 500 OPs Pentium 4 (2002) ~ 12 GFLOPs 24,000,000 times faster

17. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 17 Analog Circuits – Electrons in Motion s ss dd d gg s d gThe NMOS Transistor Apps O/S Arch  Arch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics

18. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 18 The Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Apps O/S Arch  Arch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics s d gThe NMOS Transistor

19. CS 352 : Computer Organization and Design University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Dan Ernst 19 The Most Powerful Abstraction Apps O/S Arch  Arch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics InputOutput 01 10 From here on out: ~ Max voltage = 1 ~ Low voltage = 0