1. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Towards Balanced Computing Weaving Peer-to-Peer Technologies into the Fabric of Computing over the Net Presented at – “Collaborative Computing in Higher Education: Peer-to-Peer and Beyond” 30-31 January, 2002 David Barkai Distributed Solutions Lab Corporate Technology Group Intel Corporation

2. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 2 Agenda P2P as a set of technologies P2P as a set of technologies Usage-centric approach Usage-centric approach Collaboration and P2P Collaboration and P2P Technical Challenges Technical Challenges “Balanced Computing” “Balanced Computing”

3. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 3 What is P2P Compute model – or - a set of technologies – or - an infrastructure / middleware – or, a mind-set..; no matter – P2P -- Compute model – or - a set of technologies – or - an infrastructure / middleware – or, a mind-set..; no matter – P2P -- –Enables direct exchanges between peers –Allows resource sharing with other –Takes place at the edges of the Net The label is less important than how P2P fits in the collaborative computing fabric

4. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 4 P2P Topologies “compute model” is too ‘separatist’ “compute model” is too ‘separatist’ P2P apps may apply any and all of these topologies P2P apps may apply any and all of these topologies Server Client Server Peer “pure” Client-server Inverted client-server Mediated It is more productive to talk about how P2P fits in the existing and evolving computing environment

5. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 5 The User-Centric Approach People Applications and Services ComputingCommStorage COMPUTE MODEL (Ways to architect the solution) What people want What technology can make possible now and in the future DEPLOYMENT MODEL (Ways to implement the solution) USAGE MODEL (What it does; how it behaves) Ask in what ways people wish to collaborate; employ P2P where appropriate – it’s not all or nothing

6. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 6 Internet Transitions 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 TCP/IP-HTTP Web XML Web Services Dynamic Integration, Executable Web, Peer Services 2003 2004 Extended Internet, Proactive Computing Trends that support collaborative usages and apps

7. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 7 Coming Waves of Innovation Web Services (C/S) Executable Web Extended Internet Smart Devices Smart Sensors Dumb Browsers Source: Forrester Research, 2001 10 6 ’s devices 10 8 ’s devices 10 9’ s devices Smart Services (C/S and P2P) The future landscape for collaborative apps

8. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 8 Taxonomy of P2P Applications Distributed Computing Content Sharing Collaboration Internet Distributed Computing Intranet Distributed Computing Grid Computing File delivery Content Distribution Distributed Storage Caching, Edge Services Information Mgmt – discover aggregate, filter, organize,.. Communication – chat, messaging Co-review/edit/author/create Gaming Discovery Collaboration is based upon forms of content sharing

9. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 9 Collaboration Trends From “interactive” to “collaborative” From “interactive” to “collaborative” –The new watch word from analysts –Human involvements at both ends Asynchronous collaboration added Asynchronous collaboration added Machine-to-Machine Machine-to-Machine –Or, rather, “app-to-app” –Agents and Bots Executable Web Extended Internet Smart Devices Smart Services (C/S and P2P) Extend the notion of collaboration Beyond that of a small group of people Smart Sensors

10. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 10 The Realities Facing P2P Lack of Trust Lack of Trust Heterogeneity – hardware, software, network Heterogeneity – hardware, software, network Scale Scale Intermittency Intermittency Location Location Autonomy Autonomy Local Policies Local Policies Distance Distance

11. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 11 Technical Challenges Connectivity Connectivity Security and Privacy Security and Privacy Fault-tolerance and Availability Fault-tolerance and Availability Performance and Bandwidth Performance and Bandwidth Scalability Scalability Self-management of systems Self-management of systems Interoperability Interoperability Complexity Complexity Challenges and Outlook

12. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 12 Social Barriers Self-organization vs. the Centralized Mindset Self-organization vs. the Centralized Mindset Concerns of IT managers Concerns of IT managers –Security; unknown components; distributed resources; (lack of) integration with existing apps Online communities Online communities –Dynamic, self-managed, self-organized Trust and reputation Trust and reputation Need for business model? Need “P2P groundswell”? Need for business model? Need “P2P groundswell”? Challenges and Outlook

13. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 13 Organizing the Required Features Communication Communication Naming and Discovery Naming and Discovery Availability Availability Security Security Resource Management Resource Management Most P2P apps need the same fundamental services

14. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 14 Web Services The web services technologies provide means to overcome P2P Collaboration challenges Self-describing, self-contained modular applications Self-describing, self-contained modular applications Platform & implementation neutral Platform & implementation neutral Based on open standards for description, discovery & invocation Based on open standards for description, discovery & invocation Programmatically connect process together Programmatically connect process together “… applications that interact with each other using web standards.” - Rod Smith, IBM, VP Emerging Technologies

15. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 15 Peer-to-Peer Extensions for Web Services Build on new developments for Web Services Build on new developments for Web Services Employ open standards for cross- platform, cross-organization Employ open standards for cross- platform, cross-organization Enable web services from any point to any point in the distributed computing infrastructure

16. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 16 Peer-to-Peer Technology is Rebalancing Distributed Computing Server Centric Client Centric Data Center Mid-TierFront-EndPersonal Client Server Centric Model Smart Client Model Client-Server Computing - Centralized control - Resource intensive deployments - High cost of MIP’s / Mbytes Innovation is limited by deployment resources and capital ROI requirements Peer to Peer Computing - Local control - Mass deployment of new capabilities - Low cost of MIP’s / Mbytes Innovation is accelerated by ease of deployment and “free” use of resources Driving a Rebalancing of Computing Models

17. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 17 Balanced Computing Vision Web services provided and consumed by servers or PCs Web services provided and consumed by servers or PCs Peer-to-peer collaboration and content sharing Peer-to-peer collaboration and content sharing Support for rich client-side experience (PC, mobile, wireless) Support for rich client-side experience (PC, mobile, wireless) Integrated building blocks, tools and services spanning Intel architectures Integrated building blocks, tools and services spanning Intel architectures Open, industry-wide standards Open, industry-wide standards –XML, SOAP, UDDI and related standards as a base –Convergence of competing XML standards Taking computing to where it is best performed

18. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 18 Outlook P2P will – P2P will – –Be an integral part of solution to security on the Net –Offer new ways to extract relevant content –Bring together millions of users to solve important computational problems –Accelerate break-down of geographic and cultural barriers by enabling formation of communities based on shared interest

19. Copyright © 2002 Intel Corporation. Intel Labs Page 19 Summary P2P is a mindset a set of technologies Online collaboration can best benefit from P2P components within the broader distributed computing environment Employ devices and functions where they best serve the user