1. Applied Demography and Indigenous Population Health John Taylor Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research The Australian National University

2. Age pyramids 2001 and 2009 IndigenousNon-Indigenous

3. Indigenous and non-Indigenous population distribution by remoteness region, 2001

4. Distribution of Indigenous Populations in Metropolitan Areas by Socioeconomic Status of Neighbourhood, 1991, 1996, and 2001

5. Indigenous Unemployment Rates in the Highest Unemployment Sydney Neighbourhoods: 2001 Indigenous AreaNon-Indigenous unemployment rate Indigenous unemployment rate Campbelltown35.047.9 Waterloo23.041.8 Blacktown Bidwill21.555.4 Blacktown Tregear19.067.5 Blacktown Shalvey18.940.0 Fairfield16.228.7 Blacktown Letheridge Park15.043.6 Macquarie Fields13.532.7

6. Indigenous/Non-Indigenous population change in select regional centres 1996-2001 Non- Indigenous % change Indigenous % change Broken Hill-5.950.5 Dubbo4.029.7 Orange5.139.2 Tamworth1.539.5 Port Augusta-6.814.0 Kalgoorlie-1.512.0 Total0.727.8

7. Indigenous/non-Indigenous net migration rates by age in select regional centres 1996-2001

8. Change in Indigenous share of population: inland towns 1996-2006

9. Indigenous settlement distribution

10. Select services and infrastructure at discrete Indigenous communities by settlement size category: Northern Territory 2006 Population size <100100-499500-999>1,000Total No. of communities 56063126691 Estimated usual population 9,68113,8908,5309,31041,681 Pre-primary school5 (0.9)24 (38)8 (67)4 (67)41 (6) Primary school56 (10)46 (73)12 (100)6 (100)120 (17) Secondary school to Year 120 (0)6 (9)4 (33)3 (50)13 (2) Aged accommodation2 (0.3)10 (16)0 (0)4 (67)16 (2) Women’s refuge0 (0)7 (11)5 (42)3 (50)15 (2) Store11 (2)47 (75)12 (100)6 (100)76 (11) Child care centre1 (0.2)24 (38)9 (75)5 (83)39 (6) Youth centre0 (0)15 (24)4 (33)5 (83)24 (3) Swimming pool0 (0)3 (5)4 (33)2 (33)9 (1) Access to a doctor106 (19)44 (70)11 (92)6 (100)167 (24) Hospital0 (0) Primary health care centre9 (2)24 (38)10 (83)4 (67)47 (7) % of dwellings requiring major repairs/replacement 27.830.240.329.531.2 Occupancy rate per functional dwelling 6.68.612.314.29.4 Figures in parenthesis = percent of locations of each settlement size with select facility

11. Population growth and housing need: Wadeye 2003-2023  157 functional dwellings  Occupancy rate of 17 per dwelling  122 extra dwellings required by 2023 just to maintain this rate  465 extra dwellings need by 2023 to meet government standards  = $53 million in 2003

12. Indigenous settlement and mobility regions in remote Australia

13. Indigenous per cent of total town populations pre- and post-potential migration

14. Select indicators of Indigenous disadvantage in the Pilbara region, 2006 Population aged 15+4,759 Has no post-school qualification4,200 Has below Year 10 schooling1,500 Not in the labour force2,190 Hospitalised each year2,800 Alcohol-related hospitalisations10% Has diabetes (25 yrs and over)1,020 Has a disability1,020 Arrested each year (Individuals)1,050 In custody/supervision order at any one time310 Achieved Yr 7 literacy (current school attendees)60% 15 year olds surviving to age 65<50%

15. Select social indicators across the life span: Ratios of Indigenous to non-Indigenous levels

16. Take home messages  Indigenous disadvantage is multi-layered producing a vicious cycle of outcomes that accumulate over the life span  Demographic ‘hotspots’ are emerging where this multi-layered disadvantage is becoming spatially concentrated  Policy should coalesce around these structural settings that transcend jurisdictional boundaries and require regionalised/localised response Poor City Suburbs, Regional Towns, Town Camps, Indigenous Towns, Outstations Material sourced from: Taylor, J. 2006. Population and Diversity: Policy Implications of Emerging Indigenous Demographic Trends, CAEPR Discussion Paper No. 283 Available at: http://www.anu.edu.au/caepr/Publications/DP/2006_ DP283.pdf