1. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LIFE CYCLE
MODULE 2
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LIFE CYCLE
Contents
2.1 Systems Analysis and Design life Cycle: Requirements determination, requirements specifications
2.2 Feasibility analysis, final specifications, hardware and software study, system design, system implementation, system evaluation, system modification.
2.3 Role of systems analyst, attributes of system analyst, tools used in system analysis
Systems Analysis And Design © V. Rajaraman

2. Designing Information system for an organization is a
MOTIVATION
Designing Information system for an organization is a
very complex job.
Students should know how to logically divide a complex
job into smaller manageable steps.
Each step must have a logical beginning and end and
must be self contained.
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3. Steps may be assigned to persons with specialized competance
MOTIVATION
Division of large jobs into logical steps will
Enable one to assess progress at the end of each step
Steps may be assigned to persons with
specialized competance
Allocation of human and financial resources
appropriate for each step can be planned
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4. Nine Steps in designing Information Systems.
LEARNING GOALS
Nine Steps in designing Information Systems.
Tasks performed in each step.
Nature of tasks performed by Systems Analysts.
The attributes of Systems Analysts.
The tools used by Systems Analysts.
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5. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Steps involved in Analysis and Design
Requirements Determinations
Requirements Specifications
Feasibility Analysis
Final Specifications
Hardware Study
System Design
System Implementation
System Evaluation
System Modification
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6. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 1 : Requirements Determination
Arrived at by a consensus among managers
Priorities among applications determined
Pick high priority applications.
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7. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 2 : Requirements Specification
Known as System Requirements Specification (SRS)
Understand the existing System
Applications where a system is required are listed
Arrive at the specifications of the users’ Requirements
after discussions with the user
A system may encompass several applications
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8. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 3 : Feasibility Analysis
Formulate Goals of the system and quantify goals
Find alternative methods of meeting the goals
  For each alternative assess resources needed
- Human Resources
- Time and Money
- Equipment needed
Assess cost of each alternative
Find the best alternative method subject to resource constraints
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9. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 4 : Final Specifications
Specifications would state what the system would
achieve.
Specification drawn up are improved for
implementation.
SRS written- given to user and agreement
reached
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10. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 5 : Hardware Study
Determine Hardware and Software required
to execute the application.
Determine Response time,Volume of data to
be processed, Frequency of reports etc & then
pick the hardware.
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11. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 6 : System Design
Logical Design of the System
Objects Identified
Database Designed
Program Specification drawn up
Implementation Plan Drawn up
Test Plan
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12. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 7 : System Implementation
Write Programs
Create Database
Document System
Train Users
Trial run of the system
Test and Accept
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13. Step 8 : System evaluation
LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 8 : System evaluation
Find out from Users whether the System
meets specified requirements.
List areas of dissatisfaction and find reasons
Suggest if there has to be any improvements to
the system
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14. LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 9 : System Modification
Fix errors
Add/Delete features as required by users
Tune the System
Continuously monitor system and assess
performance
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15. 2.2.8 System Life Cycle Diagram Improved System System Specification
Revised Prioritized
Requirements Specifications
User
Requirements
Requirements
Determination
Requirements
Specification
Feasibility
Analysis
Decision to
Design Information
System
Test Plan
Feasibility
Study
Logical
Design
Functional
Specifications
System
Implementation
System
Design
System
Specification
Analysis
System
Physical
Requirements
Configuration
Data
System
Evaluation
Hardware
Study
Budget & schedule
Revised
Requirements
System
Maintenance
Improved System
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16. ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
Defining Requirements
- Involves Interviewing Users
Prioritizing Requirements
- Obtain Users Consensus
Fact Gathering
- Data, Facts, Opinions of Managers
- Lower level Users should be consulted
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17. ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
Analysis and evaluation
- Arrive at appropriate system
Solving problems
- Hazy requirements converted into specific
requirements
- Suggest many alternative solutions Quantify cost and benefits
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18. ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
Drawing up specifications
- FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
- Understood by users and programmers
- Accepted by users
- Precise and detailed
- Account for possible changes
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19. ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
SYSTEM DESIGN
Logical design of system
- Objects identification
- Normalizing database
- Test plan
Design must be modular to accommodate change
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20. ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
Evaluating Systems
- Evaluation after use for sometime
- Plan periodicity for evaluation
- Modify as needed
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21. ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANISATION
- Knowing user’s jargon & practices
- Know Management functions.
- Knowledge of system design tools
- Keep abreast of modern developments
KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS AND
SOFTWARE
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22. ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
GOOD INTERPERSONNAL RELATIONS
- Need to work as team member
- Lead smaller teams
- Interface with programmers & Users
- Motivator.
- Oral Presentation
- Report Writing
- Answer queries
ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE
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23. ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
ANALYTICAL MIND
- Problem solving attitude
- Ability to assess trade offs
- Sound commonsense
- Curiosity to learn about new organizations
BREADTH OF KNOWLEDGE
- Broad Liberal Knowledge
- Variety of jobs to be tackled in diverse organizations
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24. TOOLS USED BY SYSTEMS ANALYST
Data Flow Diagram
Decision Tables
Modeling Language such as UML
Normalization of Databases
Testing tools
ISO/CMM procedure manuals
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