2. Prehistory Paleontologists Studies fossils of man & animals TIME PERIOD BEFORE WRITTEN EVIDENCE

3. Archaeologists Study the remains of ancient humans (both fossils & artifacts) Anthropologists Scientists studying physical and cultural characteristics of humans

4. How do we know where early man existed?

5. Discovery of Ancient Man Most remains found in Great Rift Valley….Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)…1959 Mary & Louis Leakey discovered many hominids

7. Origins of Man 1 st evidence found in Africa Australopithecus –Taung, South Africa –Ape-like: walked upright: brain = 1/3 human size –3 - 4 million years old

8. Other Evidence Rock Art Remains of tools, animal bones, etc…

9. Early Civilizations of Africa

10. Nile Valley Civilization Evolved from hunting & gathering to agricultural society 4,000 to 5,000 BC permanent farming settlements 3,500 BC Upper & Lower Kingdoms of Egypt

11. EGYPT of the PHARAOHS 3000 BC - 44 BC PHAROAH= god-KING TOTAL POWER

12. EGYPTIAN RELIGION POLYTHEISM –AMUN RA: SUN WORSHIP –ISIS: MOTHER DEITY –OSIRIS: UNDERWORLD & FATHER –SET= DEVIL –HORUS= SAVIOR GOD

13. LIFE AFTER DEATH –BIGGEST CHANGE OVER PAST RELIGIONS –TOMBS & PASSAGES –IMHOTEP 2700 –1ST KNOWN ARCHITECT IN HISTORY

14. Imhotep Built the 1ST PYRAMID His name inscribed on north side of unfinished pyramid not a priest IMHOTEP

15. Imhotep lived during the Old Kingdom and was born a commoner during the Third Dynasty. He was very skilled and was dedicated to the ideals of his nation. Imhotep quickly rose through the ranks of the temple and court to become a vizier and the High Priest of Ptah.Old KingdomThird DynastyHigh PriestPtah Imhotep was a poet, an architect and physician- priest. He wrote many medical and didactic texts. He is best known, however, as the chief architect of the step pyramid at Saqqara. It remains today as one of the most brilliant architecture wonders of the ancient world. During the New Kingdom, Imhotep was deified and became the "Son of Ptah." The Romans Claudius and Tiberius inscribed their praises of Imhotep in the temples in Egypt.New Kingdomdeified For more information about Imhotep visit these sites: Architect imhotep Imhotep: Ministry of Tourism, Egypt.

17. How wide is the average pyramid? Base = 10 FOOTBALL FIELDS!

18. Developed Hieroglyphics System of writing developed by Egyptians. Used pictures and symbols

21. Other Egyptian advances math/farming Medical Produced a calendar astronomy.

22. Kingdom of Kush Kingdom South of Egypt 750 B.C. Kush empire conquers Nile valley.

24. Development of Iron weapons After defeat by Assyrians.. established empire on banks of Nile Meroe

25. Separation from Egyptian culture Developed their own alphabet. Developed own Gods.

26. Pre-Class Name parts of our culture that we have adopted from other cultures, or countries.

27. Kush at Meroe

28. Kush continued Kush profited from trade, all through Arabia, and India

29. Fall of Kush empire 200 A.D. invasions, and internal conflict lead empire to collapse.

30. Kingdom of Axum Developed on where modern day Ethiopia is today. 330 A.D. King Ezana defeats the Kush.

31. Important center of trade Ivory, gems, spices

32. King had converted to Christianity Ethiopia still has Christian communities today.

33. Decline of Axum Environmental problems Persians influence Spread of Islam