1. Miroslav Karásek, Jan Radil, Josef Vojtěch www.ces.net Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2

2. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 2 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Outline Motivations Optical fibre amplifiers (EDFA, PDFA, Ramans) Semiconductor optical amplifiers Deployment of „home-made“ OAs Conclusions

3. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 3 Utilization of dark fibres – CEF networks (back to 1999) Cost effective deployment of multigigabit lines (N x 1 GE, N x 10 GE) Lack of optical equipment suitable for NRENs National Research and Educational Networks (NRENs) rely on leased dark fibres and prefer to have no active components between the transmitter and the receiver Repeaterless or Nothing-in-line (NIL) approach Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Motivations

4. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 4 Optical kit composed from commercially available elements and modules Common and reliable elements + reliable design => cost effectivity & reliability & possibility of development Customer based OFA modules – EDFA for 1550 nm, PDFA for 1310 nm (10 GE line cards for PC ), Raman modules High power boosters, preamps, in-line amps… „Home made“ amplifiers - CzechLight amplifiers (CLA) Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Optical Fibre Amplifiers

5. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 5 Redundant PSU from industry leading vendor (220 V AC, 48 V DC in progress) DC voltages, fan speeds, temperature are monitored Standard micro ATX MB w/ low power & fanless CPU Runs on flash disc (no vibration sensitive rotational parts) Powered from DC/DC converter (in case of PC failure amplifiers stays on) Interfaces: RS232, FastEthernet, USB, I 2 C Extensive management capabilities – console, LAN, GSM, Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, SSH, SNMP Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CzechLight Amplifiers Features

6. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 6 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CzechLight Amplifiers Architecture Fast Ethernet RS232C USB MicroATX MainBoard PSU Alarm LEDs PSU OA Module 1 OA Module 2 (optional) Power & thermal management PCB DC/DC GSM

7. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 7 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CzechLight Amplifiers

8. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 8 Cost effective solutions, especially for 1310 nm window EDFAs are more powerful and less noisy (but more expensive) But PDFAs are not so widespread and common, optical parameters (output powers and noise figures are not comparable with EDFAs) – SOAs can present an interesting solution 10 GE line cards for PC (PCI-X, PCI-E) S2io (Neterion), Chelsio, Intel with fixed 1310 nm transceivers only The only way to extend reach is to deploy amplifiers (10 km is not enough, even for MANs in the Czech Republic) Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

9. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 9 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

10. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 10 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 SOAs versus FOAs

11. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 11 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CLAs Deployment Both in CESNET2 (production) and CzechLight (experimental and breakable) networks Praha – Hradec Králové (CESNET2 network) 150.4 km of G.652, 35.7 dB@1550nm NIL, OSA (one side amplification) w/ CLA, 1 GE Experimental since Dec 2004, fully in production March 2005

12. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 12 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CLAs Deployment Praha – Hradec Králové (CESNET2 network) Optical spectrum analyzer measurements Before preampAfter preamp and filtering

13. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 13 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CLAs Deployment Praha – Brno (CzechLight network) 298 km, mixture of G.652/G.655+/G.655-, 67 dB@1550nm Not NIL solution, without Ramans but with one inline CzechLight amplifier (2in1) Today 1 channel, 10 G SONET, DWDM transceivers, ready for 8 (16 with high power boosters and inline amps) 10 G DWDM SONET/SDH/Ethernet channels! The last week we‘ve started to experiment with DWDM MUX/DEMUXes, everything seems to be working fine Deployment of (tuneable) FBGs and ROADMs is already planned

14. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 14 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 CLAs Deployment A bit of History :-) Started with 302 km of mixture of G.652/G.655+ fibre spools, EDFAs and Ramans, 65 dB@1550nm - working fine 297 km testing fibre loops, in the ground, mixture of G.652/G.655+/G.655-, 66 dB@1550nm - working fine The „true“ 298 km/67 dB line Praha – Brno was (and still is) sort of bewitched, the BER was too high for our NIL configuration with Ramans :- (

15. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 15 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Conclusions Development and deployment of new components (FBGs, wavelength and NRZ/RZ conversions, ROADMs, OOO equipment, TDM pumped Ramans,…) Especially important (in our opinion) for academic and research community New solutions for all-optical signal processing

16. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 16 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Acknowledgement Lada Altmanová, Jan Gruntorád, Stanislav Šíma, Martin Míchal

17. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 17 [1] Karásek, M. - Peterka, P. - Radil, J., „202 km repeaterless transmission of 2 x 10 GE plus 2 x 1 GE channels over standard single mode fibre. “, In: Optics Communications 235, pp. 269-274., 2004. [2] Radil, J. - Karásek, M., „Experiments with 10 GE long-haul transmissions in academic and research networks.“, In: I2 member meeting, Arlington, VA, 2004. [3] Altmanová L., Radil J., Šíma S., Vojtěch J., „CzechLight testbed“. In: GN2 APM meeting, Praha, Czech Republic, February 2005. [4] Vojtěch J., „CzechLight and CzechLight amplifiers“. In: 17 th TF- NGN meeting, Zurych, Switzerland, April 2005. Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 References

18. May 17, 2005 CEF Workshop Praha, Czech Republic 18 Optical amplifiers in CzechLight and CESNET2 Thank you for your attention!