1. SCUBA By Martin Stein

2. Objectives At the end of the lesson the student will always understand the dangers involved in Scuba diving.At the end of the lesson the student will always understand the dangers involved in Scuba diving. The student will be able to match the seven required pieces of Scuba equipment with their function.The student will be able to match the seven required pieces of Scuba equipment with their function.

3. Subjects 1.Diving Physiology 2.Diving Physics 3.AGE & DCS 4.Equipment 5.Buoyancy 6.The Diving

4. Your Body The heart pumps your blood, to the lungs, back to the heart, out to the body, back to your heart. Gases are exchanged in the lungs and in the body (muscles and organs).

5. The Gases Air is made up of 21 % oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 1% other gases.Air is made up of 21 % oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 1% other gases. Throughout our everyday lives we are saturated with 78% nitrogen and between 18%-21% oxygen. Our bodies we are used to this.Throughout our everyday lives we are saturated with 78% nitrogen and between 18%-21% oxygen. Our bodies we are used to this.

6. Gas Laws Charles law- temperature and volumeCharles law- temperature and volume Boyles law- pressure volume relationshipBoyles law- pressure volume relationship Dalton's law- partial pressuresDalton's law- partial pressures Hennery's law- absorptionHennery's law- absorption

7. Taking on Gases As you descend in the water the pressure on your body increases. Your body compensates for this by taking on more gases.As you descend in the water the pressure on your body increases. Your body compensates for this by taking on more gases. Your body takes on dissolved gasesYour body takes on dissolved gases

8. Everything must be Equal As we spend time at depth are bodies are racing to equalize the pressure differences.As we spend time at depth are bodies are racing to equalize the pressure differences. The longer you stay down the more gases your body takes on.The longer you stay down the more gases your body takes on.

9. Off Gassing When the dive is over and we ascend the gas exchange reverses direction. It’s time to off gas.When the dive is over and we ascend the gas exchange reverses direction. It’s time to off gas. This is where it can all go wrong.This is where it can all go wrong. If you follow all the rules /tables for diving everything should be fine.If you follow all the rules /tables for diving everything should be fine. Decompression SicknessDecompression Sickness

10. AGE Arterial Gas Embolism- Gases force into the arterial system, usually in the lung.Arterial Gas Embolism- Gases force into the arterial system, usually in the lung. Effects are immediate symptoms appear within 10 minutes. Effects are immediate symptoms appear within 10 minutes.

11. AGE Symptoms DisorientationDisorientation Chest painChest pain ParalysisParalysis WeaknessWeakness DizzinessDizziness Blurred visionBlurred vision Personality changePersonality change Convulsions Other neurological Unconsciousness Stopped breathing Marbling of the skin Death

12. Academies Principal It states that "any object wholly or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body."

13. Equipment 7 pieces7 pieces 1.Fins 2.Weights 3.Tank 4.Regulator 5.Gauges (Depth/Psi) 6.BC 7.Mask

14. Assemble and Inspect Your Gear As you put your tank in your BC inspect it.As you put your tank in your BC inspect it. Inspect your regulator and hoses.Inspect your regulator and hoses. Inspect your mask, fins, and weight belt.Inspect your mask, fins, and weight belt. Test everything on the surface before putting it on.Test everything on the surface before putting it on. Get dressed.Get dressed.

15. Gear Up Get In

16. During the Dive Check your air pressure frequentlyCheck your air pressure frequently Watch your depth when moving up and down on the reef.Watch your depth when moving up and down on the reef. Watch your timeWatch your time

17. Surfacing Signal your buddySignal your buddy Check your airCheck your air Remove some air from your BC.Remove some air from your BC. Ascend slowly to the surface at no more than 30 Feet Per Minute.Ascend slowly to the surface at no more than 30 Feet Per Minute. As you reach the surface raise your hand over your head. Signal the boat w/OKAs you reach the surface raise your hand over your head. Signal the boat w/OK

18. Exiting the Water When you reach the ladder remove fins, ensure no divers are behind you and climb the ladder. People on the boat with assist you removing your gear.When you reach the ladder remove fins, ensure no divers are behind you and climb the ladder. People on the boat with assist you removing your gear.

19. Summary Body PhysiologyBody Physiology Effects of GasesEffects of Gases Diving IllnessesDiving Illnesses EquipmentEquipment BuoyancyBuoyancy DivingDiving

20. Questions ?