1. Samantha Ambrose SOIL 4213

2.   What is tile and how does it work?  The old days  Today’s technology Introduction

3.  What is tile?  Originally clay pipes  Slotted, flexible plastic tubing  7.5 to 46 cm diameter  Removes excess water from the root zone 24 to 48 hours after a heavy rain Image from: http://www.abalonwpg.ca/weepingtile.htm

4.  How does it work? Lateral tile Header tile Tile outlet Open ditch Adapted from: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/engineer/facts/10-091.htm Image from: http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/ cropsystems/dc7740.html

5.   Topography  Crops  Soil texture  Spacing  15 to 40 meters  Depth  Placed 0.9 to 1.2 meters Installation Variables

6.   Clay pipe: 5,000 BC  Hand tools used for installation  1906: 3 ft deep, $2.42 per 100 ft Installation-Then

7.   Machine Trenching  1906: $1.24 per 100 feet Installation-Then http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/waterquality/documents/ History_of_Drainage.pdf

9.   Contractors  GIS/AGPS  Soil maps  Contour maps  Aerial photographs  Field history is essential Installation-Now www.heartlandaggroup.com

10. http://www.gpsdrainage.com/ gallery.htm

11.   Calculates tile depth and slope during installation  RTK GPS uses Vertical Curve Technology (VCT)  Real time guidance with grid control that reduces flagging AGPS-Pipe Pro

15. FeaturePipeProPipe FM+PipeFMComp. Slope Control Comp. Leveling System Lay uphill/downhill from topography elevation YNNNN Design change while plowing YYYNN Works with any brand GPS YYYYN Corrects if obstruction hit (varied soil cond) YYYNN Steering guidance- grid and curved YYNNY Labeling/ file transferYNNNN

16.   Tile drainage installation has come a long way in the past 100 years  Potential for more improvement with new technology Summary

17.  Thank you Questions?