1. Unit 7: Ecology Left SidePg #Right SidePg # Unit Page34Table of Contents35 Levels of Organization36C.N. – Ecology Part 137 Sources of Energy Tree Map38C.N. – Energy Flow39 Food Chain Activity40Food Chain/Web Worksheet41 Community Interactions Tree Map 42C.N. – Community Interactions 43 Population Growth44C.N. – Populations45

2. Populations Chapter 5-1

3. Population Ecology  Population  Population: group of individuals of the same species living in an area.  The size of a population can effect its interactions within an ecosystem.  There are several factors that determine the size of a population.

4. Characteristics of Populations  3 Characteristics of a Population Geographic Distribution  1) Geographic Distribution: describes the area inhabited by a population Population Density:  2) Population Density: the number of individuals in a given area Growth Rate:  3) Growth Rate: rate at which a population increases or decreases

5. Population Size  Population size is affected by: GROW  Things that cause a population to GROW: Births  1) Births Immigration  2) Immigration (new individuals join a population)

6. DECLINE  Things that cause a population to DECLINE (decrease): Deaths  1) Deaths Emigration  2) Emigration (individuals move out of the the population)

7. Limiting Factors  2 Types of Factors limit population growth (result in deaths & population decline):  1) Density-dependent larger the populationfaster resources are used.  The larger the population, the faster resources are used.  This results in limiting factors such as:  Competition for food, water, space, & mates  Disease and Predation

8.  2) Density-Independent natural disasters, climate changes, and temperature regardless of its size  Limiting factors like natural disasters, climate changes, and temperature can affect any population, regardless of its size

9. Lynx & Hare Populations

10. Patterns of Growth  1) Exponential Growth  2) Logistic Growth

11. 1) Exponential Growth  Under ideal conditions, individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate  Many births & few deaths  Must have:  unlimited resources  no predators or disease J-shaped curve  Produces J-shaped curve Exponential Growth Curve

12. Model for Exponential Growth exponential growth does not last long  In natural conditions, exponential growth does not last long.  Limiting factors  Limiting factors control how large a population can grow.

13. Logistic Growth  Logistic Growth: as resources become limited, a population’s growth slows or stops  The population reaches the limit the environment can support S-shaped curve  Produces a S-shaped curve Logistical Growth Curve

14.  Carrying Capacity  Carrying Capacity: the maximum # of individuals the environment can support  The population size has leveled off  Birth rate = death rate  # of immigrants = # of emigrants

16. Human Population  Currently, the human population is growing at an exponential rate.

17.  With more people on the planet, we require more resources to keep us alive and produce more waste with our activities.  Most ecological problems are caused by human activities.  Habitat destruction, pollution, global warming, ozone depletion, and endangered species