1. Unit One Foundations of American Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)

2. Unit Concepts Power Power Authority Authority Democracy Democracy

3. Essential Question (C&G 1.2) How did the Enlightenment and other contributing theories impact the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and Bill of Rights to help promote liberty, justice, and equality? How did the Enlightenment and other contributing theories impact the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and Bill of Rights to help promote liberty, justice, and equality?

4. Section A: Development of English Democracy 1) Magna Carta (1215): restricts King John’s authority; follow rule of law 1) Magna Carta (1215): restricts King John’s authority; follow rule of law –Leads to the development of the English Parliament (legislature=law making body) Power shifting from King to Power shifting from King to Parliament over time

5. Section A: Development of English Democracy 2) English Bill of Rights (1689): more people have protected rights 2) English Bill of Rights (1689): more people have protected rights –Guarantees free elections to Parliament, right to fair trial, elimination of cruel/unusual punishment

6. Section A: Development of English Democracy 3) Common law: law made by judges rather than legislatures 3) Common law: law made by judges rather than legislatures –This starts the principle of using precedent in trials---looking back at similar cases to see the decision This makes the law predictable and fair This makes the law predictable and fair

7. Section A: Development of English Democracy Discussion Question? Explain how power and authority changed in England from 1215 to 1689? Discussion Question? Explain how power and authority changed in England from 1215 to 1689?

8. Section B: Enlightenment Influences on Democracy Enlightenment: time period of challenging accepted beliefs (Europe) using reason to seek truth Enlightenment: time period of challenging accepted beliefs (Europe) using reason to seek truth

9. Section B: Enlightenment Influences on Democracy VoltaireHobbesLockeRousseauMontesquieu Idea: Free Speech Idea: man was self- centered Therefore Authoritarian government Idea: natural rights or unalienable (rights you are born with) Life, liberty, property Idea: social contract theory Idea: all men created equal Idea: social contract theory *agreement between citizens and their government Idea: checks and balances Idea: separation of powers

10. Section B: Enlightenment Influences on Democracy Discussion Questions? Discussion Questions? –1) Are these Enlightenment philosophies still applicable today? –2) Do these ideas go far enough, just right, or too far? –3) Should these ideas be altered or changed to fit today’s global society?

11. Section B: Enlightenment Influences of Democracy Europeans who colonize America bring ideas of limited government, a legislature more powerful than a king, and Enlightenment philosophies with them and will incorporate those ideas into many of our country’s founding documents. Europeans who colonize America bring ideas of limited government, a legislature more powerful than a king, and Enlightenment philosophies with them and will incorporate those ideas into many of our country’s founding documents.

12. Essential Question (C&G 1.1) How did tensions over power and authority lead America’s founding fathers to develop a constitutional democracy? How did tensions over power and authority lead America’s founding fathers to develop a constitutional democracy?

13. Section C: Early Colonial America 1) Jamestown, Va(1607): first permanent English settlement 1) Jamestown, Va(1607): first permanent English settlement –Economy based on agriculture –First slaves brought in 1619

14. Section C: Early Colonial America 2) House of Burgesses(1619): first elected representative assembly 2) House of Burgesses(1619): first elected representative assembly –Ideas of the Enlightenment –Representative democracy

15. Section D: Sources of Discontent 1) Salutary Neglect: England didn’t enforce its colonial policies—left alone 1) Salutary Neglect: England didn’t enforce its colonial policies—left alone –England realizes it is losing too much money and tightens up control---ends after the French and Indian War –Impact? Development of independent nature

16. Section D: Sources of Discontent 2) Mercantilism: British economic policy based on the colonies providing raw materials for British manufacturing 2) Mercantilism: British economic policy based on the colonies providing raw materials for British manufacturing –Country’s power depends on its wealth –Export more than you import –British forced to enforce the Navigation Acts of 1660s –Impact?

17. Section D: Sources of Discontent 3) Colonists not viewed/treated as full- fledge English citizens 3) Colonists not viewed/treated as full- fledge English citizens

18. Section D: Sources of Discontent 4) French and Indian War: England and France fighting for control of North America; English win 4) French and Indian War: England and France fighting for control of North America; English win –Albany Plan of Union(1754): Ben Franklin’s plan to unite the colonists under one central govt; did not materialize –Economic consequences of war: colonists forced to pay for it ******NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION******

21. Section D: Sources of Discontent 5) Stamp Act: England forces all legal documents to be stamped with an official stamp to pay for the French and Indian War---first tax imposed by the British on the colonists 5) Stamp Act: England forces all legal documents to be stamped with an official stamp to pay for the French and Indian War---first tax imposed by the British on the colonists –Impact? Stamp Act leads to boycotts: refusing to buy

22. Section D: Sources of Discontent 6) Boston Massacre: British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists killing 5; 1770 6) Boston Massacre: British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists killing 5; 1770 –Visual recreations are examples of propaganda –Sons of Liberty form: support ideas of independence and revolution –Impact?

25. Section D: Sources of Discontent 7) Boston Tea Party: colonists protest English tax on tea by dumping tea in Boston Harbor 7) Boston Tea Party: colonists protest English tax on tea by dumping tea in Boston Harbor –Impact? England responds by passing the Coercive/Intolerable Acts and close Boston Harbor

27. Section E: Revolution 1) First Continental Congress(1774): colonial representatives wrote King George III demanding their rights be restored; agreed to meet a year later if their demands not met 1) First Continental Congress(1774): colonial representatives wrote King George III demanding their rights be restored; agreed to meet a year later if their demands not met

28. Section E: Revolution 2) Battles of Lexington and Concord: first battles of the Revolutionary War 2) Battles of Lexington and Concord: first battles of the Revolutionary War –Shot heard round the world---why?

29. Section E: Revolution 3) Second Continental Congress(1775): agree to declare independence 3) Second Continental Congress(1775): agree to declare independence –Thomas Paine’s Common Sense: encouraged independence from England –Declaration of Independence(1776): formal statement declaring our political separation form England

30. Section E: Revolution 4) Yorktown: Last battle of the Revolutionary War; Patriots (Americans) win with the help of the French 4) Yorktown: Last battle of the Revolutionary War; Patriots (Americans) win with the help of the French

31. Section F: 1 st Government Discussion questions? Discussion questions? –What type of government do we (US) have? –Have we always had this form of government? –What is democracy?

32. Section F: 1 st Government Constitutional Democracy: A representative government in which power of the government is limited by the law (constitution) Constitutional Democracy: A representative government in which power of the government is limited by the law (constitution) –Discussion question? What does a constitution do? What does a constitution do?

33. Section F: 1 st Government Articles of Confederation: 1 st constitution of the US Articles of Confederation: 1 st constitution of the US –Power was centered with: state governments –It was a weak constitution –Not easily amended –Impact?

34. Section F: 1 st Government Shays’ Rebellion: Mass. farmers rioting against tax collection against their farms; proved the Articles of Confederation was weak and we needed a strong central govt Shays’ Rebellion: Mass. farmers rioting against tax collection against their farms; proved the Articles of Confederation was weak and we needed a strong central govt

35. Section F: 1 st Government Discussion question? Discussion question? –Was the first government of the United States effective? Why or why not?