1. Chapter 14
The New Deal

2. Section 1: FDR and the First New Deal
Section Objectives
1. Cite issues and events that persuaded voters to choose FDR as President.
2. Detail the legislation of the Hundred Days
3. Discuss FDR’s relationship with the public during the Hundred Days.

3. FDR’s Background Marriage to Eleanor Roosevelt
Distant relatives
1910, elected as a Democrat to the New York state legislature
Wilson appointed him assistant secretary of the navy for 7 years
1921, on vacation, suffered an attack of poliomyelitis—legs completely paralyzed
2 term governor of New York

4. Roosevelt Victory Promoted conservative measures to end the depression
Promised direct action and relief efforts
FDR employed all types of people to work for him
Once FDR took office, a flurry of intense legislation and policy began and didn’t give up for 3 months—Hundred Days

5. FDR’s New Deal Unemployment Farmers/Agriculture Regional Planning
Stock Market
Industrial
Production
Banks
Elderly/Disabled/
LessFortunate/
Impoverished

6. The Hundred Days
Bank Crisis—38 states closed their banks, the other 10 were restrictive
Americans lost faith in banks—hoarding
Sec. of Treasury, W. Woodin proposed a plan to shut down all banks until stable
Relief for the unemployed, recovery measures to stimulate the economy, and reform laws to lessen economic threats.

7. Emergency Relief
FERA--$ million in its first 2 hours, but Roosevelt felt that dole would break down self respect.
Set up relief programs to put people back to work.
CCC—environmental projects
PWA—modernize the nation
NRA—standards for business
leaders

8. More Relief AAA—help farmers hurt by depression
TVA—dams on T. River for electricity
Reform Laws
Truth-in-Securities Act—eliminate fraud in the stock market (companies sued)
Glass-Steagall Banking Act—prohibit banks from investing in stock market and established FDIC (insure deposits)

9. Hundred Days successful?
March 9-June 16, FDR proposed 15 bills. These 15 bills are known as the New Deal.
FDR was a Democrat and Democrats controlled Congress—easy to pass bills.

10. Are people back to normal?
FDR’s Fireside Chats

11. Section 2: Criticism and Reformulation
Dr. Francis E. Townsend—66 year old retired physician
Wanted to aid the aged and stimulate the economy—everyone over age 60 retire
Free jobs, retired receive $200 per month as long as they spend it in 30 days
Help elderly and create more jobs, elderly become discontent

12. New Deal: Big Deal! National income rose 25% in 1934
Factories were producing goods
Farmers refinanced mortgages
Millions were getting relief or had jobs
But…incomes were still below precrash levels, 13% less
Farm prices were 28% behind and 20% of working population still unemployed

13. Protests of Tenant Farmers
AAA—wanted land lay fallow, farmers chose Tenant land to go unplanted
Share checks with tenant farmers, they didn’t and tenant farmers forced to move
STFU—Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union went on strike to obtain raises and wanted Dept. of Agriculture to give them portion of AAA check.

14. Voices of Labor
NIRA—permitted all workers to join unions and go on strike
Unions added 1 million workers
Workers tended to form more strikes
In 1934, 1.5 million workers staged 1,800 strikes
Employers fired or intimidated workers who tried to start strikes

15. Father Charles E. Coughlin
Catholic Priest, radio show
Coughlin attacked Jews and blamed them for the economic problems
Wanted wealth to be redistributed
Church superiors silenced Coughlin’s radio show.
Huey Long—Share Our Wealth

16. Attack from Conservatives and courts
Business leaders thought FDR was interfering too much w/ businesses and spending too much $ on relief.
Nation toward socialism
1934, unhappy business men and politicians formed the American Liberty League to destroy the New Deal

17. Courts Overturned the NIRA and AAA
Said gov’t had too much power over small businesses
Roosevelt faced opposition from many people, so he decided to revamp his recovery and reform policies and create his Second New Deal

18. Dust Bowl
Role of Geography—Great Plains flat and lie east of Rocky Mountains, High winds on the plain, Rain shadow east of Rockies
Farmer alter land—Farmers cleared trees and grasses for crops, planted one crop and cleared the crop leaving the soil vulnerable to wind.

19. Dust Bowl
Government changes to protect the land—passed the Soil Conservation Act (gave them saplings and paid them to learn new techniques like terrace farming and crop rotation.)
Government planted trees in shelter belts and hedge rows.