1. INTRODUCTION BIOL 2304/2101 Human Anatomy

2. Chapter objectives 1. Define anatomy and compare the different disciplines of anatomy 2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and relationship between levels: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism 3. Summarize the organ systems and their major functions 4. Discuss anatomical position 5. Identify planes of section of the body 6. Understand and correctly use directional terms 7. Locate and identify abdominal regions 8. Identify body cavities, their subdivisions and membranes, as well as major organs found in each

3. Anatomy –anatomy: the study of the structural components of the body –cytology: the study of the cellular components of tissues –histology and ultrastructure: the study of microscopic anatomy and the structural components (tissues/cells) of the organs that make up the body. TEM and SEM provide ultrastructure. - embryology : the study of development after fertilization

4. Levels of Structural Organization

5. Organ Systems Integumentary System (Skin)

6. Skeletal System Bones and Cartilage: Joints and Ligaments

7. Muscular System Skeletal muscle and tendons Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

8. Nervous System CNSPNSANS

9. Circulatory System BloodHeart Blood vessels -arteries -veins -capillaries

10. Lymphatic and Immune System Lymph organs -lymph nodes/vessels -spleen, thymus -Peyers patches -tonsils Lymph (fluid)

11. Respiratory System nasal cavity pharynxlarynxtracheabronchibronchioleslungs

12. Digestive System mouth, salivary glands, teeth, tongue esophagusstomach accessory organs enteric NS small Intestines large intestines rectumanus

13. Urinary System kidneysuretersbladderurethra

14. Male Reproductive System testesepididymis spermatic cord accessory glands –prostate –seminal vesicles –bulbourethral mons pubis penis

15. Female Reproductive System ovaries fallopian tubes uterusvaginaclitoris mons pubis mammary glands

16. Endocrine System hypothalamuspituitarythyroidparathyroid adrenal glands pancreastestes/ovariespinealthymus

17. Anatomical Position Body facing forward, arms at side with palms facing forward. facing forward.

18. Body Planes Mid-Sagittal Frontal/ Coronal TransverseOblique

19. Anatomical Terminology 1

20. Anatomical Terminology 2 Anatomical Terminology 2

21. Anatomical Terminology 3 Body Cavities

22. Anatomical Terminology 4a Body Membranes: Serous-Pleuravisceralparietal

23. Anatomical Terminology 4b Body Membranes: Serous-Pericardiumvisceralparietal

24. Anatomical Terminology 5

25. Anatomical Terminology 6 Abdominal regions

26. Anatomical terminology 7 Abdominal cavity Abdominopelviccavity

27. Anatomical Terminology 8 Thoracic cavity-mid sagittal plane

28. Anatomical Terminology 9