1. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body

2. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Lesson 1.1 Objectives
Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
List the levels of organization of the human body.
Describe the 11 major organ systems.
Define homeostasis.
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3. Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: the branch of science that studies the structure of the body
Physiology: the branch of science that describes how the body functions
Structure and function are closely related.
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4. The Body’s Levels of Organization
Organization from simple to complex:
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Human organism
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5. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Major Organ Systems
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
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6. Major Organ Systems (cont’d.)
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7. Major Organ Systems (cont’d.)
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8. Major Organ Systems (cont’d.)
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9. Major Organ Systems (cont’d.)
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10. Homeostasis: Staying the Same
Homeostasis: the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment
Homeostatic mechanisms: help maintain homeostasis
Homeostatic imbalance: associated with various disorders
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11. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Lesson 1.2 Objectives
Describe the anatomical position.
List common terms used for relative positions of the body.
Describe the three major planes of the body.
List anatomical terms for regions of the body.
Describe the major cavities of the body.
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12. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Anatomical Terms
Anatomical position:
Standing erect
Face forward
Arms at sides
Toes and palms directed forward
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13. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Relative Positions
Directional term pairs:
Superior and inferior
Anterior and posterior
Medial and lateral
Proximal and distal
Superficial and deep
Central and peripheral
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14. Planes and Sections of the Body
Sagittal plane: divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions
Frontal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse plane: divides the body horizontally; creates an upper and lower body
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15. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Regional Terms
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Cavities of the Body
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal (vertebral) cavity
Ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
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17. Cavities of the Body (cont’d.)
Divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity:
Four quadrants
Nine regions
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