1. Properties of Matter Physical & Chemical Properties Mrs. Parnell Adapted from Mrs. Wolfe- GLHS

2. Chemistry – Study of the properties of matter and how matter changes Matter and energy are the two basic components of the universe Matter Material that makes up an object Has mass Occupies space Exist in 3 states

3. Two Types of Properties: Physical Properties Chemical Properties

4. Physical Properties are UNIQUE! A substance has UNIQUE physical PROPERTIES that DEFINE it. What substance is: –White, small crystals (solid) –M.P. 212º F, B.P. 1621º F –No odor, Density =.001 Look up these physical properties in a manual…. –It’s SALT!

5. Physical Properties are observable. Physical properties can be OBSERVED. Physical properties DO NOT change the chemical nature of matter Color, Shape, Odor, Texture Melting Point Boiling Point Physical State –Liquid, solid, or gas Density

6. Physical properties – do not change the chemical nature of matter Hardness Conductivity – thermal and electrical Ductility – bendable? Malleability – poundable? Luster - shine Viscosity – resistance to flow and many more….

7. Describe the Physical Properties of … Aluminum Steel Which is best suited for a lightweight can of pop? Which is best suited for a can of green beans that need to be stacked in piles for months?

8. A Physical Property: Density The number of atoms in a given space. Density = mass volume Which is more dense? B, more atoms in the same volume!

9. Practice Problem: Calculate the density of a CUBE of steel. D = m/v D = 88/8 = 11 g/cm 3 Mass = 88 g 2 cm

10. Which Will Sink? Something that is more dense or less dense?

11. Viscosity - a liquid’s resistance to flowing High viscosity: liquid flows slowly (cold syrup) Low viscosity: liquid flows fast (vinegar) HIGH LOW

12. So Far We Have Discussed Physical Properties… But substances also have CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Chemical properties – characteristics of a PURE SUBSTANCE that describes its ability to change into a different substance

13. Testing for Chemical Properties To observe chemical properties of a substance, you must try to CHANGE it into another substance Tests that can be used: Flammability OXIDATION Reactivity Ability to TARNISH

14. Physical vs. Chemical Properties Physical properties are OBSERVABLE. Chemical properties can only be observed when the substance is CHANGING.

15. Physical vs. Chemical Properties Substance Rubbing AlcoholClear liquidFlammable Red DyeRed liquidReacts with Chlorine and loses color Baking SodaWhite powder Reacts with Vinegar (bubbles indicate a gas has been produced) Physical Property Chemical Property

16. Changes of Matter Chemical Changes NEW substance with NEW PROPERTIES! Example: Bake a Cake; Spoil some Milk –They are NEW, DIFFERENT substances! Physical Changes SAME substance with SAME PROPERTIES! Example: Break a piece of chalk –It’s still CHALK!

17. Identify these as Physical or Chemical Changes… Cutting Your Hair Dissolving Sugar in Water Burning Wood Rust Forming on Metal Separating a Mixture Battery “Dies” Physical Change Chemical Change

18. States of Matter are Physical Properties. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

19. Solid Atoms are tightly packed. Atoms are in a fixed pattern. Atoms vibrate in place.

20. Liquid Atoms are more loose. Atoms are NOT in a fixed pattern. Atoms slide around.

21. Gas Atoms are very spread apart. Atoms are NOT in a fixed pattern. Atoms move freely.