1. Improving e-waste policies: The role of post-normal indicators Cédric GossartJaco Huisman

2. What is e-waste? Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) > 50 Mt every year in the world Fastest growth rate among all types of wastes E-wastes are hazardous waste They cause ecological, health, and ethical problems page 1

3. Life cycle of ICTs page 2

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6. page 5 http://ewasteguide.info/images_galleries

7. page 6 Credits: Cédric Gossart, StEP, http://www.step- initiative.org/pdf/annual-report/Annual_Report_2010.pdfhttp://www.step- initiative.org/pdf/annual-report/Annual_Report_2010.pdf

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9. E-waste policies Europe: The WEEE directive http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee http://www.step-initiative.org/ USA: A patchwork of heterogenous policies http://www.electronicsrecycling.org http://www.electronicsrecycling.org China: WEEE directive in place in 2011 http://www.bcrc.cn page 8

10. How (in)effective? page 9

11. 2009 EU Collection ranking 3.1 Mton = +/- 37% of all WEEE/ = 28% of EEE (3yr placed on market) * Luxembourg to high PPP to be properly estimated, Finland, Malta, Cyprus unknown ** Germany: unclear treatment amounts after collection

12. Carrots or sticks? « It depends… » (says the economist) Spin doctors’ piece of (expensive) advice: page 11

13. The StEP carrot: the E-waste Solutions Index (ESI) page 12 Agregated index allowing us to evaluate and compare the solutions put in place in any country in the world to solve the e-waste problem (=> incentives for governments to improve these solutions –not much to be expected without strong policies).

14. Why « post-normal »? (1) SPRU + Turnpenny & Jones paper (ref. below) PNS: response to Kuhn’s « normal science » (NS) NS: “research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice” page 13 Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.

15. Ravetz (1971): need to “deindustrialize science” (in ref. below) Funtowitz & Ravetz (1991): new methods must be developed « when facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent » (in ref. below) It is the case with e-waste: too many risks of lock-in because too many routines and vested interests => Policy evaluations should be designed in such a way that they maximise their impact on the policy process. page 14 Why « post-normal »? (2) Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.

16. Characteristics of a PN indicator Designed to have a strong impact on the policy process (too many complex systems are built and not even used: see presentation by Tom Bauler in this conference): MAKE A (social & environmental) DIFFERENCE Simple to understand and to use (« better evidence does not necessarilly lead to better decision », in ref. below) Uses knowledge embedded in extended peer communities => participation of a broad range of stakeholders => use of a variety of knowledge sources page 15 Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.

17. page 16 StEP ADDRESS Criteria selection Benchmark Progress Indicator Input Module Output Module Modelling Module Int. Comparison Structured Information ADDRESS Training AmountsProgressKnowledge StEP ADDRESS project

18. ESI construction page 17

19. page 18 ESI score for country X: 49.8%

20. ESI benchmarking in some European countries (Turkey will be there soon…) page 19

21. page 20 A Turkish solution to e-waste : The e-mangal

22. Thank you for your attention. page 21 Cédric Gossart Cedric.Gossart@telecom-em.eu Associate Professor Telecom Institute’s Business School 9, rue Charles Fourier - 91011, Evry Cedex – France Tél. : +33 (0)1 60 76 46 69 ; Fax : +33 (0)1 60 76 42 86 http://etos.it-sudparis.eu/membres/CedricGossart/Home.htm http://etos.it-sudparis.eu/membres/CedricGossart/Home.htm