1. PACIFC ISLAND LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT

3. Map of the Pacific Islands

5. Fiji

6. Tonga

7. Guam

8. Sunset in Guam

9. I. GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION** Population: 1=Hawaiians, 2=Samoans, 3=Chamorros (Guam) PIs have been influenced by many different cultures Main areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia (specific islands in each area will NOT be on the exam)

10. In the U.S., the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander group has grown between 1990-2000.** Race alone: 9.3% growth Race alone or in combination: 139.5% AAPIs comprise 4% of the total U.S. population They are expected to reach 10% of the population by 2050. Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011): currently 846,000 PIs live in the U.S. Unfortunately, some PIs such as Samoans in the U.S. experience abject poverty

11. II. CULTURAL CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES** Hospitality, generosity, and sharing are very important Attitudes toward life are relaxed

12. Tonga

13. Kayaking in Guam

14. Transportation in Bali

15. III. EDUCATION** Based on oral learning Rote memorization; children are taught to conform, not be individualistic and creative Things are done in groups, not individually Resources like books are challenging to come by

16. In the Fijiian village of Natawadawadi…

19. Statistics show:** 10.6% of the U.S. population has a graduate or professional degree Only 4.3% of Pacific Islanders have this type of degree

20. IV. PACIFIC ISLAND FAMILY LIFE** Extended families are common Child care is provided by multiple caretakers Heavy emphasis on authority and respect Emphasis on well-being of family, not individual rights

21. For example, in Samoa:

22. Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011):

24. V. HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES

26. ASHA Leader articles:

27. Major risk factors: hypertension, high cholesterol Almost 30% of APIs have high cholesterol

28. VI. COMMUNICATION STYLES

29. Research of Schieffelin Ochs compared American and Samoan mothers

30. VII. LANGUAGE CONSIDERATIONS** Over 1200 indigenous languages are spoken in the Islands Language is influenced by culture

31. The specifics about Hawaiian, Tahitian, Fijian, Chamorro, and Samoan languages on pp. are not on the exam ** Please do know the general PI language considerations on page ; stop where you see “Hawaiian language”

33. Youtube example: Hawaiian Pidgin English (part 2)

34. VIII. IMPLICATIONS FOR SLPS** We must fully explain paperwork requiring signatures Be careful about requesting parents to come to school Use a collective rather than individual storytelling method