2. 3Glucose-6-P
3Ru5P +
Gln
F6P + E4P + R5P
3PG
NH3 +
2 PEP + E4P + R5P +
Serine
Tryptophan + pyruvate + GAP + CO2

3. Aldolase

4. 2-keto-3-deoxy-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase

13. chorismate
synthase

14. Phenylalanine Tyrosine
Anthranilate
Chorismate
Prephenate
p-hydroxybenzoate
p-aminobenzoate
Tryptophan
Nictotinamide
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tetrahydrofolate
Coenzyme Q

16. +

17. Ribose-5-phosphate
Cost = 2 ATP

26. 3 glucose + 5NADP+ + 2NAD+ + 2ATP serine + glutamine --->
Tryptophan + 5NADPH + 2NADH + 2ADP + 2Pi + GAP + pyruvate + 4CO2 + glutamate
glutamine costs NADPH + 2NH4+ + 2ATP
GAP + glutamate + ATP + 2NADH = serine
3 glucose + 4NADP+ + 2NH4+ + 4NAD+ + ADP + Pi --->
Tryptophan + 4NADPH + 4NADH + ATP + pyruvate + 4CO2

28. Chorismate mutase

29. prephenate

30. 3 glucose + 2NAD+ + 4NADP+ + NH4+ + ATP --->
phenylalanine + R5P + 4NADPH + 2NADH + 4CO2 + ADP + Pi
3 glucose + 3NAD+ + 4NADP+ + NH4+ + ATP --->
tyrosine + R5P + 4NADPH + 3NADH + 4CO2 + ADP + Pi
In animals tyrosine is made from phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase

31. Tyrosine production from phenylalanine

34. Tryptophan: indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase

35. N-formylkynurenine formamidase

36. N10-formyl-THF synthetase
Loss of ATP!
N10-formyl-THF

37. Kynurenine-3-hydroxylase (monooxygenase)

38. Kynurenine
3-hydroxykynurenine

39. Lose 1 NADPH!

40. Kynureninase

42. So…Trp = alanine - ATP - NADPH + 3-hydroxyanthranilate
If: Ala = 13 ATP
Then: Trp = 12 ATP - NADPH + 3-hydroxyanthranilate

43. 3-hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenase
2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde
3-hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenase

44. If you need nictotinamide it ends here

45. Assume loss of NADH

47. Trp = 12 ATP - 2 NADPH - (NADH?) + NADH + -ketoadipate + NH3

48. -ketoadipate dehydrogenase Same mechanism as pyruvate dehydrogenase and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

49. -ketoadipate = NADH + glutaryl-CoA

50. -ketoadipate = NADH + FADH2 + glutaconyl-CoA

53. -ketoadipate = 2 NADH + FADH2 + Acetoacetyl-CoA

54. -ketoadipate = 2 NADH + FADH2 + 2 Acetyl-CoA

55. So…Trp = 12 ATP - 2 NADPH + NH3+ -ketoadipate
If: -ketoadipate = 2 NADH + FADH2 + 2 Acetyl-CoA
If: Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP
Then: -ketoadipate = 8 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP
Then: Trp = 12 ATP + 8 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP - 2 NADPH + NH3
Remember malate dehydrogenase + malic enzyme converts NADH + NADP+ ---> NAD+ + NADPH
So….-2 NADPH = -2 NADH
Then: Trp = 12 ATP + 6 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP + NH3
If GTP = ATP, NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP and NH3 = -2 ATP
Then: Trp = 36 ATP + N10-formyl-THF

56. Tyrosine and phenylalanine degradation

62. Makes fumarate + acetoacetate at the expense of NADPH and ascorbate

63. So…Phe = fumarate + acetoacetate - NADPH - Asc + NH3 and
Tyr = fumarate + acetoacetate - Asc + NH3
If: fumarate = malate
Then: Phe = malate + acetoacetate - NADPH - Asc + NH3 and
Tyr = malate + acetoacetate - Asc + NH3
If: malate = pyruvate - NADH + NADPH
Then: Phe = pyruvate + acetoacetate - NADH - Asc + NH3 and
Tyr = pyruvate + acetoacetate - Asc + NH3 - NADH + NADPH
If: acetoacetate = 2 Acetyl-CoA - ATP
Then: Phe = pyruvate + 2 Acetyl-CoA - NADH - Asc + NH3 -ATP and
Tyr = pyruvate + 2 Acetyl-CoA - Asc + NH3 - NADH + NADPH - ATP
If: pyruvate = 4 NADH + FADH2 + GTP
If: Acetyl-CoA = 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP
Then: Phe = 9 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP - Asc + NH3 and
Tyr = NH3 + 2 GTP + 3 FADH2 + 9 NADH + NADPH - Asc

64. If GTP = ATP, NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP and NH3 = -2 ATP
Then: Phe = 9 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP - Asc + NH3 and
Tyr = NH3 + 2 GTP + 3 FADH2 + 9 NADH - NADPH - Asc
If: Asc = - NADPH
Then: Phe = 9 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP - NADPH + NH3 and
Tyr = NH3 + 2 GTP + 3 FADH2 + 9 NADH - 2 NADPH
If: NADPH = NADH
Then: Phe = 8 NADH + 3 FADH2 + 2 GTP + NH3 and
Tyr = NH3 + 2 GTP + 3 FADH2 + 7 NADH
If GTP = ATP, NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP and NH3 = -2 ATP
Then: Phe = 30 ATP
Tyr = 27 ATP

75. Histidine degradation
Ammonia
lyase
Urocanase
Urocanase
Urocanase
Urocanase
Urocanase

76. formiminotransferase
Imidazolone
propionase
Glutamate
formiminotransferase

77. So….Histidine = glutamate + N5-formimino-THF
If: Glu = -ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH3
Then: His = -ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH3
If: -ketoglutarate = 4 NADH + 2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + NADPH
Then: His = 4 NADH +2 GTP + 2 FADH2 + NADPH + NH3
If: NADH = 3 ATP
GTP = ATP
FADH2 = 2 ATP
NH3 = -2 ATP
Then: His = 16 ATP + NADPH + N5-formimino-THF

78. Amino acids as precursors for biological molecules