2. Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds

3. Practice Formula Quiz 1. Hydrochloric Acid=_______ 2. Carbon Dioxide=_______ 3. Water=_______ 4. Sodium Chloride=______ 5. Hydrogen Ion=_____ 6. Hydroxide Ion=______ 7. Carbon Monoxide=_____ 8. Mono=________ 9. Poly=__________ 10. HCl=_________

4. Ch. 2-3 in class notes

5. Life’s Backbone Most of the compounds that make up living things contain carbon. In fact, carbon makes up the basic structure, or “backbone,” of these compounds. Each atom of carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to form four bonds with other atoms. Section 2-3 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

6. As a result, carbon atoms can form long chains. A huge number of different carbon compounds exist. Each compound has a different structure. For example, carbon chains can be straight or branching. Also, other kinds of atoms can be attached to the carbon chain.

7. 2–3Carbon Compounds A.The Chemistry of Carbon B.Macromolecules C.Carbohydrates D.Lipids E.Nucleic Acids F.Proteins

8. 1. Carbon Compounds Why so important? 4 valence electrons Each electron bonds to form a covalent bond Bonds w/ H, O, P, S, N- many elements

9. MethaneAcetyleneButadieneBenzeneIsooctane Section 2-3 Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds Go to Section:

10. Bonds with other C atoms Forms Carbon Chains –almost unlimited in length C-C bonds—can be single, double or triple covalent C chains can form rings Forms millions of different large complex structures No other element so versatile

11. 2. Macromolecule Giant molecule Made from thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules Formed by a process known as Polymerization-large molecules are built by joining smaller ones together

12. 3.Monomers-from Greek words (monos=single) (meros=part) Polus=poly=many Small units that make up the polymer or (macromolecule) Polymer is the macromolecule—4 types

13. So Polymer means Many parts—

14. 4. Groups of organic compounds-polymers/ Macromolecules Organic Compounds contain carbon 1-Carbohydrates 2-Lipids 3-Nucleic Acids 4-Proteins

15. Starch Glucose Section 2-3 Figure 2-13 A Starch Go to Section: Carbohydrate-Starch(polymer) Glucose-monomer

16. General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids Go to Section: Amino groupCarboxyl group Amino Acids Form Proteins

17. General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids Go to Section: Amino groupCarboxyl group

18. General structureAlanineSerine Section 2-3 Figure 2-16 Amino Acids-Draw it for the test Go to Section: Amino groupCarboxyl group

19. Amino Acids (monomer) Section 2-3 Figure 2-17 A Protein Go to Section: Protein-polymer

20. 3. FATTY ACIDS AND A GLYCEROL MOLECULE FORM A TRIGLYCERIDE, WHICH IS AN EXAMPLE OF A LIPID

21. 3 FATTY ACIDS & A GLYCEROL

22. LIPID

23. DNA AND RNA (NUCLEIC ACIDS) ARE MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES

26. Carbohydrates-(carbs) (polymer) Made of C, H, O; 1:2:1 ratio Living things—main energy source Plants & animals also use for structural purposes

27. Facts about Carbs Saccharide comes from the Latin word saccharum meaning “sugar” Names of carbs usually end in -ose

28. Glucose-formula C 6 H 12 O 6 The general formula for all carbs C x H 2x O x Carbohydrate means “carbon hydrate” Glucose formed when a carbon compound, carbon dioxide, reacts with water

29. Types of Carbs 1. Monosaccharides- M.S.-simple sugars Glucose- break down of sugars-supplies immediate energy for all cell activities-blood sugar Galactose-milk Fructose-fruit

30. 2. Disaccharide When a covalent bond links 2 M.S. Ex. Lactose in sugar in milk Sucrose-table sugar Maltose-malt sugar

31. 3. Polysaccharides-P.S. Large macromolecules formed from M.S. joining together Animals store excess sugar as glycogen (animal starch)

32. Animal Use (cont) Level of glucose runs low Glycogen released from your liver Glycogen stored in muscles allows for muscle contraction/movement

33. Plant Use of P.S. Plant starch—storage of excess sugar-POTATO 3-Make cellulose –tough, flexible fibers give plants strength & rigidity; in the cell wall Cellulose major component of wood and paper

34. What are the 3 types of P.S.? Glycogen, starch and cellulose

35. Dehydration Synthesis Removing a water molecule- or condensation This process occurs when organic monomers (like glucose) join together to form polymers (like starch- POLYSACCHARIDE)

36. Hydrolysis Hydro=water lysis-=splitting or breaking The splitting of a disaccharide or polysaccharide END PRODUCT IS monomers (like glucose-SIMPLE SUGARS- monosaccharides) In this process water is added

37. Amino Acids (monomer) Section 2-3 Figure 2-17 A Protein Go to Section: Protein-polymer

38. LIPID-----(3 fatty acids + glycerol)---

39. Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) NUCLEOTIDES-3parts

40. Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of which contain Section 2-3 Macromolecule Concept Map CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins Sugars and starches Fats and oilsNucleotidesAmino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen, Go to Section: