1. Injectable Cell Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease Richard Melpignano

2. Degenerative Disc Disease The natural degeneration of the Intervertebral Discs (IVD) and nucleus pulposus (NP), which is the spinal cord’s jelly-like shock absorber Most commonly affects lumbar & cervical regions in older patients Can lead to Osteoarthritis (the breakdown of protective cartilage), herniated discs, and spinal stenosis

3. Treatment Injection of NP cells inside a liquid suspension directly into IVD Purpose is to promote tissue regeneration Current liquid delivery medium is ineffective; can only hold cells in place for 3-4 days

4. Advancements In July 2013, Researchers from Duke University created a new biomaterial suspension for NP injection Made up of the chemically modified protein laminin-111 and two polyethylene glycol hydrogels Injected as a liquid and quickly forms into a gel Gel mimics laminin (protein native to NP). This ensures persistence and biosynthesis of the injected NP cells

5. Procedure All three substances are injected directly into affected IVD Takes about a minute to inject, 5 minutes to begin to solidify, and 20 minutes to completely set

6. Results Luciferase biomarkers used to track migration of injected cells Two weeks after injection, significantly more cells remained in place when delivered within the biomaterial suspension in comparison to the traditional liquid suspension

8. Future Still much work to be done; not yet practical for use on humans Injection sites are still not large enough to deliver NP cells to larger IVD sites that are present in humans (in comparison to mice used in tests) Additional studies that evaluate disc height or matrix hydration following cell delivery would further optimize this treatment

9. Works Cited Aubrey T. Francisco, Robert J. Mancino, Robby D. Bowles, Jonathan M. Brunger, David M. Tainter, Yi-Te Chen, William J. Richardson, Farshid Guilak, Lori A. Setton, Injectable laminin-functionalized hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration, Biomaterials, Volume 34, Issue 30, October 2013, Pages 7381- 7388, ISSN 0142-9612, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.038. "Cell Therapies May Stop or Reverse Pain and Disability of Degenerative Disc Disease." Cell Therapies May Stop or Reverse Pain and Disability of Degenerative Disc Disease. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. "Degenerative Disc Disease-Topic Overview." WebMD. WebMD, 07 Jan. 0000. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.. Duke University. "Bioengineers develop new approach to regenerate back discs." ScienceDaily, 16 Jul. 2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.