1. WEST & THE WORLD (C BLOCK) May 27, 2010 Pick Up: –Ch. 31 Sec. 4 Homework Notes (due Friday 5/27) –Ch. 31 Sec. 3 Fill-In Notes (2 sheets) Today’s Agenda: –Collect Ch. 31 Sec. 3 Homework –Finish Class Notes on Ch. 31 Sec. 2 –Start Class Notes on Ch. 31 Sec. 3 Looking Ahead: –Friday (5/28) Ch. 31 Sec. 4 –Tuesday (6/1) Wrap-up Ch. 31 Secs. 2-4 Start new SAWTAC Packet Homework: –Ch. 31 Sec. 4 Notes: due Friday 5/28 Wendell the West & the World Penguin©

2. CHAPTER 31 SECTION 2 II. Economic problems: the Great Depression (cont.) –B. The Stock Market crash (Oct. 24-29, 1929) 1. Investors grow nervous about stock prices  begin selling off stock 2. Oct. 29, 1929 (“Black Tuesday”): stock prices plunge as people panic and sell stocks (16.4 million) 3. Banks, companies, and individuals wiped out  left with huge debts that can’t be paid 4. Signals the beginning of the Great Depression: long period of high unemployment and low production

3. CHAPTER 31 SECTION 2 II. Economic problems: the Great Depression (cont.) –C. Effects of Great Depression (in US): 1. Bank failures 2. Business failure and high unemployment: Low wages, high debt, loss of money in stock market  decreased demand for goods and less production  workers laid off  less purchasing of goods  more workers laid off –Gross National Product (GNP): drops from $104 to $59 billion from 1929-1933 –Unemployment: 25% by 1933 (1 out of 4 Americans out of work) 3. Govt. raises tariffs (Smoot- Hawley Tariff, 1930) to protect industries, but it backfires [why would this not work?]

4. CHAPTER 31 SECTION 2 II. Economic problems: the Great Depression (cont.) –D. Effects of Great Depression (in world): Collapse of American economy devastates the rest of the world 1. US banks stop new foreign loans and demand repayment of existing loans –Germany suffers most from loss of US investment 2. Raising of tariffs causes worldwide trade to grind to a halt –Nations dependent on exports (ex. Japan, Brazil, Argentina) suffer 3. Unemployment soars in Europe –By 1932, 30% of Germans are out of work

5. CHAPTER 31 SECTION 2 II. Economic problems: the Great Depression (cont.) –E. Responses to the Great Depression 1. Britain, France, and the United States –People elect socialist leaders who form coalition govts. (ex. Popular Front in France and National Govt. in Britain) and liberal Democrats take power in US (Franklin D. Roosevelt elected in 1932) –Expansion of govt. power and involvement in economy –Govts. engage in defecit spending on public works and social welfare programs (ex. New Deal in US) [why would govts. Do this?] –Recovery slow and uneven  weakens faith in democratic govt. 2. Germany, Italy, and Japan –New political parties emerge that combine intense nationalism, socialist ideas, and strong dictatorial rule (ex. Fascists in Italy and Nazis in Germany)

6. Terms/concepts you need to know: Economic terms/concepts –Great Depression (esp. effects on Germany) –Stock Market crash (Oct. 1929) Political terms/concepts –Weimar Republic –dictator/dictatorship –coup Diplomatic terms/concepts –Treaty of Versailles (esp. effects on Germany) –* Locarno Pact –* Kellogg-Briand Pact

7. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-Totalitarian govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: conquer and exploit the weak -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader -Totalitarian govt. -Internationalist: promote revolution and unite with other communist governments -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader Social Cultural Economic Examples

8. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-Totalitarian govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: conquer and exploit the weak -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader -Totalitarian govt. -Internationalist: promote revolution and unite with other communist governments -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader Social-Supported by middle-class, industrialists, and military -Classes important: struggle leads to greatness -Intense racism and anti- Semitism (Germany) -Supported by workers and peasants -Eliminate class distinctions Cultural Economic Examples

9. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-Totalitarian govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: conquer and exploit the weak -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader -Totalitarian govt. -Internationalist: promote revolution and unite with other communist governments -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader Social-Supported by middle-class, industrialists, and military -Classes important: struggle leads to greatness -Intense racism and anti- Semitism (Germany) -Supported by workers and peasants -Eliminate class distinctions Cultural-Censorship, indoctrination, and secret police Economic Examples

10. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-Totalitarian govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: conquer and exploit the weak -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader -Totalitarian govt. -Internationalist: promote revolution and unite with other communist governments -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader Social-Supported by middle-class, industrialists, and military -Classes important: struggle leads to greatness -Intense racism and anti- Semitism (Germany) -Supported by workers and peasants -Eliminate class distinctions Cultural-Censorship, indoctrination, and secret police Economic-Private ownership of means of production; but state directs economic activity -State owns means of production and makes all economic decisions Examples-Italy, Germany, Spain-Soviet Union (USSR)

11. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-Totalitarian govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: conquer and exploit the weak -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader -Totalitarian govt. -Internationalist: promote revolution and unite with other communist governments -State more important than individual -One-party and single leader Social-Supported by middle-class, industrialists, and military -Classes important: struggle leads to greatness -Intense racism and anti- Semitism (Germany) -Supported by workers and peasants -Eliminate class distinctions Cultural-Censorship, indoctrination, and secret police Economic-Private ownership of means of production; but state directed economic activity -State owns means of production and makes all economic decisions Examples-Italy, Germany, Spain-Soviet Union (USSR)

12. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:__________________________ Date:___________________________ Reasons for rise of fascism:Fascists parties are formed: Italy-Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles [why did Italians and Germans resent the treaty?] -Great Depression: unemployment and inflation {why did the Great Depression hurt Germany so badly?] -Strikes, revolts, and growth of Communist Parties [why would Communists become more popular after WWI and the Great Depression? -Weak democratic govts. [why were the govts. of Italy and Germany so weak?] Germany

13. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:__________________________ Date:___________________________ Reasons for rise of fascism:Fascists parties are formed: Italy-Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles [why did Italians and Germans resent the treaty?] -Great Depression: unemployment and inflation {why did the Great Depression hurt Germany so badly?] -Strikes, revolts, and growth of Communist Parties [why would Communists become more popular after WWI and the Great Depression? -Weak democratic govts. [why were the govts. of Italy and Germany so weak?] -Benito Mussolini founds Fascist Party in 1919 -Promised to revive economy and bring order -Promoted extreme nationalism [what would they refer to from Italy’s past?] -”Black Shirts” use violence and terror to intimidate opponents Germany

14. fasces Benito Mussolini March on Rome

15. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:__________________________ Date:___________________________ Reasons for rise of fascism:Fascists parties are formed: Italy-Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles [why did Italians and Germans resent the treaty?] -Great Depression: unemployment and inflation {why did the Great Depression hurt Germany so badly?] -Strikes, revolts, and growth of Communist Parties [why would Communists become more popular after WWI and the Great Depression? -Weak democratic govts. [why were the govts. of Italy and Germany so weak?] -Benito Mussolini founds Fascist Party in 1919 -Promised to revive economy and bring order -Promoted extreme nationalism [what would they refer to from Italy’s past?] -”Black Shirts” use violence and terror to intimidate opponents Germany-Adolf Hitler, a WWI German army veteran, becomes leader of National Socialist Party (Nazis) in 1920 -Hitler forms Brownshirts to intimidate opponents [who does Hitler use as his model?] -Nazis attempt to seize power in Munich in 1923 but fail; Hitler is put on trial and imprisoned -Hitler writes Mein Kampf, in which he supports these ideas: (1) Germans (Aryans) are “master race” and need more lebensraum (“living space”) (2) Anti-Semitism (3) Opposition to Treaty of Versailles

16. Alois Shickelgruber (Hitler) Klara Polzl Hitler Adolf Hitler, age 2-3 (c.1891) Waldviertel (“Wood Quarter”), Austrian-German-Czech border

17. August Kubicek 12B Von Strassa Street, Linz, Austria Linz Cathedral, built c. 1370 Early drawing of Linz Cathedral by Hitler

18. Hitler’s art, from portfolio assembled for admission to Royal Vienna Academy of Architecture Hitler, PFC 1 st Bavarian Regiment (October, 1914[?])

19. Adolf Hitler SSBrown Shirts (SA)

20. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. Germany

21. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after Great Depression hits in 1929-1930 -Nazis and Communists win many seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing Communist takeover and looking for strong leadership, conservative politicians support Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933

22. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. -All other political parties, labor unions, and strikes outlawed [why?] -To maintain power, uses: censorship, secret police, aggressive propaganda [like what other country?] -Govt. control over economy -Formed youth groups (ex. Hitler Youth in Germany) [why so important?] -Oppsing ideas outlawed and destroyed (ex. Book burnings in Germany) Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after Great Depression hits in 1929-1930 -Nazis and Communists win many seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing Communist takeover and looking for strong leadership, conservative politicians support Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933

23. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. -All other political parties, labor unions, and strikes outlawed [why?] -To maintain power, uses: censorship, secret police, aggressive propaganda [like what other country?] -Govt. control over economy -Formed youth groups (ex. Hitler Youth in Germany) [why so important?] -Oppsing ideas outlawed and destroyed (ex. Book burnings in Germany) -Mussolini becomes “Il Duce”: rules as a dictator -Gained support of pope through Lateran Treaty (1929): made Vatican City independent state Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after Great Depression hits in 1929-1930 -Nazis and Communists win many seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing Communist takeover and looking for strong leadership, conservative politicians support Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933

24. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. -All other political parties, labor unions, and strikes outlawed [why?] -To maintain power, uses: censorship, secret police, aggressive propaganda [like what other country?] -Govt. control over economy -Formed youth groups (ex. Hitler Youth in Germany) [why so important?] -Oppsing ideas outlawed and destroyed (ex. Book burnings in Germany) -Mussolini becomes “Il Duce”: rules as a dictator -Gained support of pope through Lateran Treaty (1929): made Vatican City independent state Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after Great Depression hits in 1929-1930 -Nazis and Communists win many seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing Communist takeover and looking for strong leadership, conservative politicians support Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933 -Hitler becomes the Fuhrer: rules as a dictator -After a fire destroys Reichstag building, Hitler blames Communists  Enabling Act is passed and gives Hitler supreme power -Created SS (personal military force) and Gestapo (secret police) -Promoted anti-Semitism (ex. Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht)

25. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as economic conditions worsened and labor unrest grew -Supported by middle and upper classes -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): Mussolini and supporters march on Rome and demand power -King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini head of govt. -All other political parties, labor unions, and strikes outlawed [why?] -To maintain power, uses: censorship, secret police, aggressive propaganda [like what other country?] -Govt. control over economy -Formed youth groups (ex. Hitler Youth in Germany) [why so important?] -Oppsing ideas outlawed and destroyed (ex. Book burnings in Germany) -Mussolini becomes “Il Duce”: rules as a dictator -Gained support of pope through Lateran Treaty (1929): made Vatican City independent state Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after Great Depression hits in 1929-1930 -Nazis and Communists win many seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing Communist takeover and looking for strong leadership, conservative politicians support Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933 -Hitler becomes the Fuhrer: rules as a dictator -After a fire destroys Reichstag building, Hitler blames Communists  Enabling Act is passed and gives Hitler supreme power -Created SS (personal military force) and Gestapo (secret police) -Promoted anti-Semitism (ex. Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht)

26. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:__________________________ Date:___________________________ Reasons for rise of fascism:Fascists parties are formed: Italy-Resentment over the _____________________ [why did Italians and Germans resent the treaty?] -Great Depression: _____________________ _____________________ [why did the Great Depression hurt Germany so badly?] -Strikes, revolts, and _____________________ _________ [why would Communists become more popular after WWI and the Great Depression? -Weak __________________ [why were the govts. of Italy and Germany so weak?] -_______________ founds ______________ in 1919 -Promised to ____________________________ -Promoted extreme __________________ [what would they refer to from Italy’s past?] -__________________ use violence and terror to intimidate opponents Germany-_______________, a WWI German army veteran, becomes leader of ________________________________ in 1920 -Hitler forms _______________ to intimidate opponents [who does Hitler use as his model?] -Nazis attempt to seize power in __________ in 1923 but fail; Hitler is _____________________________ -Hitler writes ____________ in which he supports these ideas: (1) Germans (__________) are ______________ and need more _____________________________ (2) Anti-Semitism (3) Opposition to ___________________________

27. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Pg. 2 Fascists seize power:Fascist policies: Italy-Won support as _________________________ _________________________ -Supported by ________________________ -March on Rome (Oct. 22, 1922): _________________________ ________________________ -_________________ makes Mussolini head of govt. -All other _________________ _________________ __________ outlawed [why?] -To maintain power, uses: _________________ _________________ [like what other country?] -Govt. control _________________ -Formed youth groups (ex. ________________) [why so important?] -Oppsing ideas _________________ __________ (ex. Book burnings in Germany) -Mussolini becomes _________ rules as a ________________ -Gained support of pope through _______________ (1929): made Vatican City independent state Germany-Popularity of Nazi Party soars after _________________________ -______________________ win many seats in the _____________ (German parliament) in 1932 elections -Fearing _________________________ ______________, conservative politicians support _________________________ _____________________ in 1933 -Hitler becomes the _________: rules as a dictator -After a _________________________, Hitler blames Communists  _____________ is passed and gives Hitler _________________________ -Created SS (______________) and Gestapo (______________) -Promoted anti-Semitism (ex. _________________________ ________________________)

28. WEST & THE WORLD CHAPTER 31 SECTION 3 Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Fascism vs. Communism Fascism/NazismSimilarities?Comunism Political-_________________ govt. -Militaristic and nationalist: _______________________ -________ more important than _________________ -One-party and _____________ -____________________ govt. -Internationalist: _________________________ ________________________ -___________ more important than ____________________ -One-party and _____________ Social-Supported by _______________________ -Classes important: _______________________ -Intense racism and anti- Semitism (Germany) -Supported by _________________________ -_____________________ class distinctions Cultural-Censorship, indoctrination, and secret police Economic-____________________ of means of production; but state directed economic activity -__________________ means of production and makes all economic decisions Examples