1. Abilene update and Internet2 Network of the Future Southern Illinois University Internet2 Day Steve Corbató, Director of Backbone Network Infrastructure 25 April 2001

2. 2 Outline Abilene Network – current status Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative Advanced infrastructure directions Internet2 Network of the Future An analogue with the oil industry…

3. 3 Advanced U.S. research university connectivity requirements Research testbed configurable, breakable, measurable infrastructure serving computer science research and advanced engineering traditional province of DARPA Advanced service/application deployment network standards based, 7x24 operation expectation (NSFnet  vBNS  Abilene) National education intranet interconnecting all K-20 educational institutions/networks to enable applications and services unavailable over the commercial Internet Commercial entities (high performance connectivity) providers of content of value to EDU (e.g., Nexis-Lexis, Akamai) EDU-related startups (genomics, network performance/mgmt)

4. 4 Unique features of Internet2 environment Per capita available bandwidth O(10-100) higher than over the commercial Internet TCP flows of  0.5 Gbps possible Active advanced service deployment efforts Native multicast most widely deployed Commitment to open network management and active measurement Collaborative relationship with GigaPoPs and research university campus technical communities Commitment to the original end-to-end architecture vision Emphasis on end-to-end performance: measurement and assurance

5. 5 Abilene A high-performance Internet2 national backbone dedicated to the support of advanced Internet application and service development within the U.S. research university community and in collaboration with its partners - including federal and corporate laboratories, international research & education networks, and the broader American educational community A partnership of UCAID, Cisco Systems, Nortel, Qwest Communications, Indiana University, and two Internet2 Test and Evaluation Centers in Ohio and North Carolina

6. 6 Qwest acquisition of U S WEST

7. 7 Abilene – April, 2001 Inflection point in network development OC-48c (2.5 Gbps) IP-over-SONET backbone 52 current and pending connections in 33 states –Two OC-48c connections: P/NW and SoX –16 connections at OC-12c or higher 185 participants in 48 states and D.C. Ongoing strong partnership –Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH) Increasing backbone utilization Characteristic exponential growth O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links Traffic doubling time: 7 months

8. 8 Seattle Kansas City Denver Cleveland New York Atlanta Houston Abilene Core – autumn 2000 Sacramento Los Angeles Denver Indianapolis Washington

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10. 10 Abilene connection fees (annual) PreviousNew OC-3c$110,000($110,000) SONET & ATM OC-12c$320,000$270,000 SONET $280,000 ATM/1 PVC & 1 BGP peering $290,000 ATM OC-48c$495,000$430,000 SONET

11. 11 Abilene participation categories Regular Member Participant University member of Internet2 Collaboration Site Affiliate or corporate member of Internet2 Sponsored participant University member sponsors collaborating affiliate with advanced networking requirement Sponsored Education Group Participant University member sponsors educational aggregate network (ususally, a state network)

12. 12 Sponsored Education Group Participation In November, 2000, the Abilene Conditions of Use (CoU) were modified Effective January 15, 2001, a networked aggregate of educational institutions may gain access to Abilene as a Sponsored Education Group Participant. designed primarily to accommodate existing and emerging state- based education networks This new class of Abilene participation supplements the existing classes of Member Participant, Collaboration Site, and Sponsored Participant

13. 13 Sponsored Education Group Participation - status State education networks approved (8) California (CalREN-2) Michigan (Merit) Missouri (Great Plains Network) Oklahoma (OneNet) Oregon (Oregon GigaPoP) Rhode Island (Northern Crossroads - NOX) Virginia (Mid-Atlantic Crossroads – MAX) Washington (Pacific/Northwest GigaPoP) Additional states in review process (4) Georgia Indiana Ohio Pennsylvania

14. 14 Abilene International Peering and International Transit Network (ITN) APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, IUCC, NORDUnet, RENATER, REUNA2, SURFnet, SingAREN, SINET, TAnet2, (ANSP, HARnet?) OC12 NYCM TEN-155*, JANET, NORDUnet, SURFnet CA*net3 (HEAnet) STTL CA*net3, (AARnet) SNVA (SINET, GEMNET) LOSA SingAREN, SINET AmPATH (REUNA2, RNP2, RETINA?) OC3-12 UT El Paso (CUDI) CALREN2 CUDI * ARNES, BELNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, HEAnet, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS

15. 15 Advanced services on Abilene Multicast IPv6 Measurement Quality of service (QoS) IETF Differentiated Services model

16. 16 Advanced services - Multicast Abilene is a leading backbone globally in aggressive protocol deployment (MBGP, MSDP, PIM-Sparse, SSM) Early detection of the Ramen worm Deployment 72% of BGP peerings are multicast-enabled Peering at MIX (NASA Ames) and soon elsewhere However, multicast remains an experimental service

17. 17 Advanced services – IPv6 Overlay network of Cisco 7206 routers Collaboration between Abilene NOC and I2 v6 WG Initial ARIN address allocation received Planning for v6-only peering with WIDE (Sunnyvale) Is v6’s time coming in the U.S.? wireless, End-to-End Architecture International deployment efforts Watch this space…

18. 18 Advanced services - Measurement Open network measurement stance Active measurement: Surveyor Traffic characterization project: Ohio ITEC Source/destination matrix, traffic types Requested measurement services Passive measurement (MOAT) Off-net Netflow feeds Will play a strategic role in End-to-End Performance Initiative NOC and Measurement WG DDoS detection testbed (Asta Networks)

19. 19 End-to-End (e2e) Performance Initiative Human to Human Collaboration Experience User perception EYEBALL Application CORE APPLICATION Operating system Host IP stack STACK Host network card Local Area Network (LAN) JACK Campus backbone network Campus connection to regional network/GigaPoP GigaPoP connection to Internet2 national backbone International connections

20. 20 Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative Extending focus from raw connectivity to the actual performance experienced by the campus end user e2e will address all obstacles to performance Application readiness and tuning End system operating systems and networking support Local Area Network and campus backbone upgrades Outreach to end users and campus support teams Widely distributed, pro-active measurement Performance Evaluation and Response Function (PERF) Hybrid of Network Operations Center and Applications Support Team Knowledge database and associated tools Phased approach Design team report completed – February, 2001 Call for Participation to be released soon

21. 21 Defining E2E Performance Success Metrics Selecting set of appropriate core applications and services TCP applications – e.g., Web, file transfer Internet-based telephony (VoIP) Internet-based videoconferencing –Multiple technologies with distinct service levels Pervasive multicast for multimedia and data distribution Scope How broadly across the campus network should e2e be supported? Timing How quickly can these goals be met? End user expectation management essential

22. 22 New technology drivers – carrier hotels Facilities that permit interconnection of telecom carriers Necessary components critical mass of fiber-based carriers (national, local) common fiber interconnection facilities riser space Facilitate peering of ISPs local exchange point Legacy hotels 60 Hudson (NYC), One Wilshire (LA), Westin Bldg (SEA) New purpose-built facilities under construction NAP of the Americas (MIA)

23. 23 New technology drivers – optical Aggressive period of fiber construction on the national & metro scales Every conceivable right-of-way being explored and/or excavated Many campuses and GigaPoPs have or are pursuing fiber University of Washington metro fiber project CENIC Optical Networking Initiative Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Allows the provisioning of multiple channels ( ’s) over distinct wavelengths on the same fiber pair Now over 100 channels supported (100xOC-192c is 1 Tbps!) Still very expensive on the national scale –Amplification required and also repeaters (OEO) until ULR C(oarse)WDM is a cheaper alternative in metro areas Optical switching Technology on the horizon

24. 24 Telephony’s recent past (from an IP perspective)

25. 25 IP Networking (and telephony) in the not so distant future

26. 26 Gigapop Transport Options: Topics for future discussion RoW, conduit, dark & dim fiber, ’s IRU arrangements Optical technologies (amps, repeaters, DWDM, optical switching) DWDM interoperability 10 Gigabit Ethernet vs. OC-192c Strategic carrier hotel development Colocation for interconnection, peering (not data centers)

27. 27 Network of the Future: architecture Initial Internet2 architecture defined – January, 1997 Four components National backbones –optical networking - amplification and regeneration GigaPoPs –regional fiber initiatives Campuses –ubiquity (wireless) –high performance (wired) Advanced services –roles of IPv6 and QoS

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29. 29 Next steps for Abilene Continuing advanced service deployment Playing our part in E2E Performance Initiative Ongoing planning for Network of the Future Close collaboration with the Gigapops and new fiber initiatives Expanding access to broader education community in support of advanced networking

30. 30 For more information www.internet2.edu/abilene www.internet2.edu/e2eperf abilene@internet2.edu