1. THE CONSTITUTION Constitutional Convention Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Preamble & Goals of the Constitution
Structure of the Constitution
Article I – The Legislative Branch
Article II – The Executive Branch
Article III – The Judicial Branch
Article IV – Relations Among the States
Article V – Amendments
Article VI – Supremacy of National Law
Article VII – Ratification
Principles of the Constitution
The Bill of Rights
Amendments 11-19
Amendments 20-27

2. Constitutional Convention
VIRGINIA PLAN
3 Separate Branches
(legislative will elect other 2)
Bicameral Legislature
(based on population & $ contributions)
Authority to cancel conflicting state laws
GREAT COMPROMISE
(AKA – Sherman or Connecticut) Compromise)
1) Congress – Bicameral
House of Representatives – based on population, directly elected by the people
Senate – 2 Representatives per state – chosen by state legislatures
2) 3/5 Compromise – Every 5 Slaves would count as 3 persons for population & taxing
3) Economics
President enters into treaties
Slave trade not prohibited (20 years)
Congress cannot tax exports
Treaties – 2/3 Senate approval
NEW JERSEY PLAN
Unicameral Legislature (1 vote)
Plural Executive – selected by Congress
Supreme Court – appointed for life by the executive

3. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
FEDERALISTS People who supported the Ratification (Approval) of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
Wrote a collection of essays in support of the new Constitution.
The purpose of the essays was to show how the new Constitution would solve many of the problems that existed under the Articles of Confederation.
Three men combined to write 85 of the essays.

4. ANTI-FEDERALISTS People who opposed the ratification of the new Constitution.
Criticized the adoption of the Constitution of 1787.
Opposition to slavery – continue to exist under the new Constitution.
States would lose power under the Constitution.
Federal Government would be too powerful. People still fear a strong central government.
#1 opposition – NO BILL of RIGHTS!
Anti-Federalists (Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason)

5. GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE
A preamble is an introduction. The introduction to the Constitution lists the goals of the Constitution.
The goals of the Constitution refer to problems under the Articles of Confederation.
GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
Form a More Perfect Union
Establish Justice
Insure Domestic Tranquility
Provide for the Common Defense
Promote the General Welfare
Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and Our Posterity

6. STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION
7 ARTICLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
Article I Legislative Branch
Article II Executive Branch
Article III Judicial Branch
Article IV States and the Federal Government
Article V Amendment Process
Article VI Supremacy of National Law
Article VII Ratification

7. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ARTICLE I: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CONGRESS (BICAMERAL) – PURPOSE = MAKE LAWS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Based on State Population
Directly Elected by People
SENATE
2 Per State
Originally selected by State Legislatures
Today Directly Elected
MAJOR POWERS OF CONGRESS
Tax
Declare War
Raise/Maintain and Army
Regulate Interstate Trade
Tax Imports
Create Postal System
Coin Money
Create Lower Federal Courts
POWERS DENIED CONGRESS
Suspend Writ of Habeas Corpus
Pass Bills of Attainder
Ex Post Facto Law
Tax Exports

8. ARTICLE II: EXECUTIVE BRANCH PRESIDENT: PURPOSE – ENFORCE THE LAW
ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT
Chief Executive
Commander-in-Chief
Legislative Leader
Judicial Leader
Chief of State
Foreign Policy Maker
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
Enforce laws passed by Congress
Send troops into battle
Enter into Treaties
Appoint Federal Judges
Appoint Ambassadors
Grant Pardons - Reprieves

9. ARTICLE III: JUDICIAL BRANCH SUPREME COURT – PURPOSE – INTERPRET THE LAW
9 Justices – Appointed by the President
Justices serve life terms.
Supreme Court oversees actions of Congress and the President. Court uses the Constitution to make sure government actions are Constitutional.

10. STATE to STATE FEDERAL to STATE
ARTICLE IV: RELATIONS AMONG THE STATES This article establishes what the states agree to do for one another, and what the federal government will provide to each state.
STATE to STATE
Respect laws, contracts, etc..
Extradition – send criminal to stand trial in other states.
FEDERAL to STATE
Rules for admitting new states to the Union
Republican form of Government
Protect against invasion

11. ARTICLE V: AMENDMENTS PROCESS BY WHICH CHANGES CAN BE MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION
PROPOSAL
Amendments to the Constitution must be approved by 2/3 of both houses of Congress to be proposed
(or)
2/3 of the states call for a national convention for the proposal of an amendment
RATIFICATION
Amendments must be ratified by ¾ of the State Legislatures

12. ARTICLE VI: SUPREMACY OF NATIONAL LAW
All debts contracted under the Articles of Confederation will be honored by US Government
US Constitution, Federal Law, and Treaties are the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause)
All Federal Public Officials will take an oath to protect and support the Constitution
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13. ARTICLE VII: RATIFICATION
For the Constitution to go into effect, it had to be ratified, approved by 9 of 13 states.
RATIFICATION
9 of 13 STATES

14. Principles of the Constitution
These are major concepts embedded in the Constitution. Each of these concepts are important ideas that deal with limiting the power of government, and ensuring that the people retain power and rights.
Popular Sovereignty – The people rule.
Limited Government – The people retain certain rights that cannot be denied by the government.
Federalism – The states and the federal government share power.
Separation of Power – 3 Branches + Checks & Balances.

15. The Bill of Rights
Amendment 1 – Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Press, & Assembly
Amendment 2 – Right to Bear Arms
Amendment 3 – Quartering of Soldiers
Amendment 4 – Search & Seizure
Amendment 5 – Rights of the Accused
Amendment 6 – Requirements for a Jury Trial
Amendment 7 – Rules of Common Law
Amendment 8 – Limits on Criminal Punishment
Amendment 9 – Rights Kept by the People
Amendment 10 – Powers of the States and the People

16. Amendments 11-19 Amendment 11 – Suits Against States
Amendment 12 – Presidential Election Method
Amendment 13 – Slavery Abolished
Amendment 14 – Civil Rights Guaranteed
Amendment 15 – Black voting Rights
Amendment 16 – Income Tax
Amendment 17 – Direct Election of Senators
Amendment 18 – Prohibition
Amendment 19 – Women’s Voting Rights

17. Amendments 20-27
Amendment 20 – Terms of Office and Presidential Succession
Amendment 21 – Repeal of Prohibition
Amendment 22 – Limits on Presidential Terms
Amendment 23 – Electors for the District of Columbia
Amendment 24 – Abolition of Poll Tax
Amendment 25 – Presidential Disability
Amendment 26 – Voting Age
Amendment 27 – Congressional Pay