1. Ratifying the Constitution
Chapter 5, Sec. 3

2. The Process…
Ratification – official approval required agreement of nine states.
Americans shocked by the radical changes of the new Constitution
Each state called for a Convention where delegates voted to accept or reject the new Constitution.

3. Federalists (favor Constitution)
Favor a strong, national government.
Argue checks and balances prevent one branch from too much power
Strong Government needed to:
Facilitate interstate and foreign trade
National defense
Foreign relations (war, treaties)
Bill of Rights NOT needed:
James Madison
Constitution protected rights (people govern themselves)
Most states already had basic bill of rights
George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

4. Anti-Federalists (oppose Constitution)
In favor of strong state governments.
Believe national government would take power from states.
National Bill of Rights is necessary.
Forced Federalists to agree this would be Congress’ first task.
Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry,
Richard Henry Lee
Patrick Henry
Sam Adams

5. War of Words
Both sides waged a war of words in the public debate over ratification.
The Federalist, was a series of 85 essays defending the Constitution.
Letters from the Federal Framer, most widely read Anti-Federalist publication.
Richard Henry Lee

6. Ratification of the Constitution
Delaware led the country in ratifying it in Dec. of 1787 and it was finally ratified by all states in 1790.
Sept. 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments for states’ ratification
Dec. 1791, ¾ of the states ratified 10 of the amendments, which became known as the Bill of Rights.

7. Bill of Rights
Constitution did not guarantee the gov’t would protect the rights of the people/states.
Thomas Jefferson felt this was the drawback to ratification.
People demanded a Bill of Rights that guaranteed the freedom of speech, press, religion, trial by jury and bear arms.

8. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th

9. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th

10. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th

11. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th

12. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th

13. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
Right to a fair and swift trial.
7th
8th
9th
10th

14. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
Right to a fair and swift trial.
7th
Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.
8th
9th
10th

15. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
Right to a fair and swift trial.
7th
Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.
8th
Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.
9th
10th

16. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
Right to a fair and swift trial.
7th
Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.
8th
Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.
9th
Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution.
10th

17. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress.
2nd
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd
Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes.
4th
Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th
Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation.
6th
Right to a fair and swift trial.
7th
Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts.
8th
Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail.
9th
Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution.
10th
All powers not given to feds or denied to the states are held by each state, or the people.

18. # of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Group that supported the Constitution.
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

19. # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Group that supported the Constitution.
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

20. Nine Anti-Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

21. Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Federalists
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

22. Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Federalists
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

23. Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Federalists
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

24. Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Federalists
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights

25. Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists
# of states needing to ratify to make Const law.
Nine
Group that opposed the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Group that supported the Constitution.
Federalists
Favored national gov’t.
Favored state gov’ts.
Wanted Bill of Rights
Did not want Bill of Rights