2. Group 9 Syed Waqas Col Tahir Mahmood Aurangzeb Marwat Subhani Minahs Sheraz Tufail Favad Qaiser

3. Why to Have a Structure?  All businesses have to organise based upon their working.  A clear structure makes it easier to see which part of the business does what  Helps to make analysis and Optimization of a particular task or department

4. Some Key Terms  Flat or tall structure  Span of control  Chain of command  Hierarchy  Delegation of resources  Empowerment

5. Ways to Structure a Business  Many ways in which a company can be structured (no hard and fast rule)  depends on the business type, size and structure used Some of the common Business structures are By function By product or activity By area By Matrix By customer By process

6. Pros and Cons of Different Structures  This depends on the business type, size and structure used

7. Functional Structure Chief Executive AccountsHRIToperationsProductionPlanning arranging the business according to what each section or department does

8. Functional Structure Advantages  Specialisation – each department focuses on its own work  Accountability -someone is responsible for the section  Clarity – know your and others’ roles Disadvantages  Closed communication could lead to lack of focus  Departments can become resistant to change  Coordination may take too long  Gap between top and bottom

9. An Example of Organisation by Product/Activity Hewlett Packard Imaging and Printing Group Personal system Group Enterprise System Group HP Services HP financial Services

10. Organisation by Product/Activity Advantages  Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers’ needs  Positive competition between divisions  Better control as each division can act as separate profit centre Disadvantages  Duplication of functions (e.g. different sales force for each division)  Negative effects of competition  Lack of central control over each separate division

11. HP world wide Americas Houston, Texas Europe, Middle East, Africa Geneva, Switzerland Asia Pacific Hong Kong Organisation by Area

12. Advantages  Serve local needs better  Positive competition  More effective communication between firm and local customers Disadvantages  Conflict between local and central management  Duplication of resources and functions

13.  emerged in the 1970’s as an effort to restructure inefficient organizational structures to support the more efficient project-based management Organisation by Matrix

14. Other Organisational Structures  By Customer: Similar effects to structuring by product  By Process: Similar to structuring by function

15. Layout Diagram -Datacenter

16. Typical Data Centre Structure In chargeOS Admin Facility manager Security manager Customer Service manager Database manager Application manager Marketing manager

17. Organisational Issues in a Data Centre Environment  Data Centre Hierarchy poses latency, while most of the operations require complete independence of operations  Super specialization of own areas vs. Generalization of fields poses major organizational issues  Bigger data centres have matrix organizational structure reducing unity of command  Customer service issues (latency of response) in a typical hierarchical data centre organization

18. Steps for Data Centre  Analyzing  Market research  Planning  Choosing the right model/equipment among the available.  Choosing the right place.  Getting soil tests and other pre requisites for the selected site. Steps of Feasisbility

19. Questions