1. Air Pollutant Measurements Aloft Flight Review Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems, Inc. Kevin Durkee, Project Manager SCAQMD Chris Nelson SCAQMD March 26, 2009

2. Overview Overview of the measurements -- Bob –Measurements to date –Changes along the way –Measurement issues –Individual flight review –Changes in flight strategy Measurement goals – Kevin –Original goals and strategy –Recommended changes/focus of goals –Data availability Graphic Displays – Chris

3. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

4. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

5. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

6. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

7. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

8. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

9. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

10. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

11. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

12. Measurements to date Aircraft –Ozone –Temperature –Optical PM 2.5 –GPS Position –Carbonyl –Summa canister VOC and Sulfur compounds Ozonesonde –Winds –Temperature, RH –Ozone

13. Measurements to date Flight 1 - November 14, 2008 -- Initial test flight –Evaluate flight times –Evaluate carbonyl sample collection times Flight 2 - January 8, 2009 –Test new carbonyl flow rates –Implement sampling times Flight 3 - February 1, 2009 Flight 4 - March 10, 2009 –Change ozonesonde to just rawinsonde with 2/day –Increase the flight duration with extended soundings to higher altitudes

14. Original Flight Plan Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4

15. Flight 1- November 14, 2008

16. Ozone

17. Flight 1- November 14, 2008 PM 2.5

18. Flight 1- November 14, 2008

19. What was learned? Carbonyl sample breakthrough at 5 l/m –Need lower flow rate –Need longer sample times Desired lower detection and reporting limits for VOC –Requires a pre-analysis of the canisters for canister background Comments on the sulfur detection limits? Redesigned the flight plan

20. Refined Flight Plan

22. Flight 2 – January 8, 2009

25. What was learned? Problems identified with the radiosonde system preamplifier Some questions raised on what levels to fly when conditions define the need to fly above the mixed layer

26. Flight 3 – February 1, 2009

28. What was learned? Problems resolved with the rawinsonde system preamplifier, but issues with the ozone inlet after launch Suggest a modified plan with higher aircraft soundings, no ozone sondes and two rawinsondes (beginning and end) Again, some questions raised on what levels to fly when conditions define the need to fly above the mixed layer

29. Flight 4 – March 10, 2009 Clear conditions for lower flying over water Earlier start time due to Pacific Missile Test Range activities Implemented the higher beginning and ending soundings resulting in a longer flight

30. Flight 4 – March 10, 2009

31. What was learned? Modified plan with higher aircraft soundings worked well to obtain the beginning and ending ozone and temperature profiles One issue with the temperature on the first rawinsonde launch appearing about 5° C high. This was not present on the ending launch. Winds looked good from both with a layer of northeast winds aloft.

32. Key Issues Detection and reporting limit questions and the cost- effectiveness of the canister pre-analysis Flight altitude variations when stratus is present Observations of low level PM increase associated with ozone decrease – chlorine from salt spray? Review of offshore soundings to evaluate the focus of flight altitudes Cost and differences in weekend Saturday versus Sunday flights